Shared Flashcard Set

Details

special senses
hearing and equilibrium
54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/08/2011

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Cards

Term
What structures constitute the outer ear?
Definition
Auricle (pinna)
Auditory canal
Term
The opening of the auditory canal is called the ________ ______ ______.
Definition
external auditory meatus
Term
_____ _____ protect the outer end of the auditory canal.
Definition
guard hairs
Term
What type of glands line the auditory canal?
Definition
Ceruminous
Sebacious
Term
What is cerumen?
Definition
earwax
Term
Where is the middle ear located?
Definition
in the tympanic cavity of the temporal bone
Term
What is the anatomic name for the eardrum?
Definition
Tympanic membrane
Term
What are the structures of the middle ear?
Definition
tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles
auditory tube
Oval Window
Term
What is the bony labyrinth?
Definition
Osseus labyrinth, houses the inner ear. It is a maze of temporal bone passageways.
Term
What is the funnel that channels sound waves to the tympanic membrane?
Definition
pinna
Term
The middle ear is designed to vibrate in ________.
Definition
air
Term
The _________ ear is designed to vibrate in fluid.
Definition
inner
Term
Name the three bones of the middle ear in order of movement.
Definition
malleus, incus, stapes
Term
Which inner ear bone is in contact with the tympanic membrane?
Definition
malleus
Term
Which inner ear bone is in contact with the oval window?
Definition
stapes
Term
The middle ear ________ sound waves.
Definition
amplifies
Term
In order to hear, the _________ _______ must vibrate with enough force to move the fluid in the inner ear.
Definition
oval window
Term
What is the membranous labyrinth?
Definition
the fleshy tubes that line the osseous labyrinth.
Term
What fluid is the bony labyrinth filled with?
Definition
perilymph, which is similar to CSF
Term
Endolymph fills the ________ labyrinth.
Definition
membranous
Term
This type of lymph fluid is similar to K+ rich intercellular fluid.
Definition
endolymph
Term
Endolymph and perilymph conduct _____ ____.
Definition
sound vibrations
Term
Endolymph and perilymph respond to mechanical forces during changes in ________ ________ and ________.
Definition
body positions and acceleration
Term
What is the organ of hearing?
Definition
cochlea
Term
The cochlea winds around a screw-like axix of spongy bone called the _________.
Definition
Modiolus
Term
Name the three fluid filled layers of the cochlea.
Definition
scala vestibule, scala tympani and scala media (cochlear duct)
Term
With what type of fluid are the scala vestibule and scala tymani filled?
Definition
perilymph
Term
The scala vestibuli begins near what structure?
Definition
oval window
Term
The scala tympani ends at the ____ ____.
Definition
round window
Term
The cochlear duct is also called the scala _______.
Definition
media
Term
The cochlear duct is separated from the scala vestibuli by the thin __________ _________.
Definition
vestibular membrane
Term
The cochlear duct is separated from the scala tympani by the __________ _________.
Definition
basilar membrane
Term
Which is thicker the basilar membrane or the vestibular membrane.
Definition
basilar
Term
Where is the acoustic organ located?
Definition
on the basilar membrane of the scala tympani
Term
What comprises the acoustic organ?
Definition
thick epithelium of sensory and supporting cells and associated membranes
Term
In the organ of corti ________ ______ are covered with tectorial membrane
Definition
hair cells
Term
In the organ of corti, different frequencies of vibration bend different parts of the __________ ________.
Definition
basilar membrane
Term
When the basilar membrane moves it bends hair cells against the ________ _______.
Definition
techtorial membrane
Term
In the organ of corti, bending the hair cells ___________ the cell membrane.
Definition
depolarizes
Term
Auditory sensory neurons send nerve impulses up the _________ branch of the _________ nerve to the brain.
Definition
cochlear branch of the vestibulochochlear
Term
Hearing signals are ultimately transmitted to the __________ ________ in the temporal lobe.
Definition
auditory centers
Term
On the way to the auditory centers fibers cross for what reason?
Definition
so you get impulses from each ear on both sides of the brain, protection process
Term
What is the tympanic reflex.
Definition
a hearing protection reflex that pulls malleus inward and stapes outward.
Term
What are the muscles of the middle ear?
Definition
stapedius
&
tensor tympani
Term
In the tympanic reflex the ________ _______ pulls the malleus inward and the ________ pulls the stapes outward.
Definition
tensory tympani pulls malleus inward

stapedius pulls stapes outward
Term
Is the auditory tube usually open or closed?
Definition
closed
Term
Where are the valves to the auditory tube?
Definition
throat
Term
When do the auditory tube valves open?
Definition
chewing, swallowing and yawning
Term
What part of the ear is responsible for equalizing pressure?
Definition
auditory tube
Term
Ascending to high altitudes makes pressure to the ear move _________.
Definition
inward
Term
Ascending to high altitudes makes pressure to the ear move _________.
Definition
inward
Term
Descending to high altitudes makes pressure to the ear move _________.
Definition
outward
Term
Inflammation and swelling from colds/allergies may prevent the ________ ___________ from equalizing pressure.
Definition
auditory tube
Term
What is a treat repeated bouts of otitis medial.
Definition
placing tympanostomy tubes in the tympanic membrane to allow the ears to drain
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