Term
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Definition
| smell, taste, sight, hearing, and equilibrium |
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Term
| extrinsic eye muscles, eyelids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus |
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Definition
| accessory structures of the eye |
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Term
| medial and lateral commissure (canthus) of the eye |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
modified sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid edges
Produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| modified sweat glands, lie between the eyelashes |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the conjunctiva, results in reddened, irritated eyes |
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Term
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Definition
delicate membrane
lines the eyelids and covers part of the outer surface of the eyeball
ends at the edge of the cornea by fusing with the corneal epithelium
secretes mucus |
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Term
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Definition
infectious form of conjunctivitis caused by bacteria or viruses
highly contagious |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the lacrimal gland and a number of ducts that drain the lacrimal secretions into the nasal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
located about the lateral end of each eye
continually release a dilute salt solution onto the anterior surface of the eyeball through several small ducts |
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Term
| lacrimal canaculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that destroys bacteria |
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Term
| extrinsic, or external, eye muscles |
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Definition
| attached to the outer surface of each eye |
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Term
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Definition
| outermost layer of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| what consists the fibrous layer |
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Term
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Definition
| middle layer of the eyeball |
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Term
| choroid, ciliary body, iris |
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Definition
| regions of vascular layer |
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Term
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Definition
most posterior of vascular layer
blood-rich nutritive tunic that contains a dark pigment
prevents light from scattering inside the eye |
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Term
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Definition
muscle structure
lens is attached by the ciliary zonule to this |
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Term
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Definition
pigmented
has rounded opening |
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Term
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Definition
| rounded opening through which light passes |
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Term
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Definition
| innermost layer of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
2 layered delicate sensory layer
extends anterior only to the ciliary body |
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Term
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Definition
outer layer of the retina
composed of pigmented cells that absorb light and prevent light from scattering inside the eye
cells act as phagocytes to remove dead or damaged receptor cells and to store vitamin A needed for vision |
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Term
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Definition
transparent inner layer of the retina
contains rods and cones |
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Term
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Definition
rods and cones
respond to light |
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Term
| bipolar cells and ganglion cells |
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Definition
| electrical signals pass from photoreceptors through this chain of neurons |
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Term
| optic disc, or blind spot |
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Definition
| where optic nerve leaves the eyeball |
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Term
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Definition
| hindering ability to see at night |
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Term
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Definition
how 2-neuron chain leaves the retina
transmits nerve impulses to the optic cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| a tiny pit that contains only cones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
lack of all three cone types results in total _____
lack of one type leads to partial ___________ |
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Term
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Definition
lens becoming hard and opaque
vision to become hazy and distorted |
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Term
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Definition
anterior to lens
clear, watery fluid |
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Term
vitreous humor
vitreous body |
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Definition
posterior to the lens
gel-like substance |
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Term
scleral venous sinus
canal of Schlemm |
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Definition
located at the junction of the sclera and cornea
reabsorbs aqueous humor into venous blood |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure inside the eye |
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Term
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Definition
when drainage of aqueous humor is blocked
pressure w/in the eye may increase to dangerous levels and compress the delicate retina and optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| tool to measure ocular pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument that illuminates the interior of the eyeball, allowing the retina, optic disc, and internal blood vessels at the fundus to be viewed |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior wall of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the eye to focus specifically for close objects |
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Term
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Definition
| image is reversed from left to right, upside down, and smaller than the object |
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Term
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Definition
| the fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain here |
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Term
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Definition
| fiber tracts after the optic chiasma |
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Term
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Definition
| optic tract fibers with neurons in the thalamus, whose axons form _________ |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of the same side of the visual field of both eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| reflexive movement of the eyes medially when we view close objects |
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Term
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Definition
| when the eye focuses images correctly on the retina |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
unequal curvatures in different parts of the cornea or lens cause ___________
blurry images occur because points of light are not focused as points on the retina but as lines |
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Term
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Definition
| when the eyes are suddenly exposed to bright light, the pupils immediately constrict |
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Term
| accomodation pupillary reflex |
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Definition
pupils also constrict reflexively when we view close objects
provides for more acute vision |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors that respond to such physical forces |
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Term
| auricle and external acoustic meatus |
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Definition
| external, or outer, ear is composed of |
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Term
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Definition
| shell-shaped structure surrounding the auditory canal opening |
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Term
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Definition
| short, narrow chamber carved into the temporal bone of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete waxy yellow earwax |
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Term
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Definition
| sound waves entering the auditory canal eventually hit ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity within the temporal bone |
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Term
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Definition
| runs obliquely downward to link the middle ear cavity with the throat |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
three smallest bones in the body
transmit the vibratory motion of the eardrum to the fluids of the inner ear
malleus, incus, stapes |
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Term
| bony, or osseous, labyrinth |
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Definition
| located deep within the temporal bone behind the eye socket |
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Term
| cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals |
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Definition
| three subdivisions of the bony labyrinth |
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Term
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Definition
| bony labyrinth is filled with a plasma-like fluid |
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Term
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Definition
suspended in the perilymph
system of membrane sacs that more or less follows the shape of the bony labyrinth |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous labyrinth contains a thicker fluid called _______________ |
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Term
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Definition
| equilibrium receptors of the inner ear |
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Term
static equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium |
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Definition
| two functional divisions of vestibular apparatus |
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Term
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Definition
receptors in the membrane sacs of the vestibule
essential to static equilibrium
report changes in position of the head in space with respect to the pull of gravity when the body is not moving |
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Term
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Definition
| jellylike mass studded with otoliths |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny stones made of calcium salts |
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Term
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Definition
| hair cells send impulses along __________________ |
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Term
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Definition
| angular or rotatory movements of the head detection |
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Term
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Definition
| swollen region at the base of each membranous semicircular canal |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor region which consists of cupula |
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Term
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Definition
| tuft of hair cells covered with a gelatinous cap |
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Term
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Definition
the endolymph-containing membranous labyrinth of the cochlea
contains hair cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the total force exerted on the much larger eardrum reaches the tiny oval window, which in turn sets the fluids of the inner ear into motion, and these pressure waves set up vibration in the _______________ |
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Term
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Definition
| the receptor cells are stimulated when their hairs are bend by the movement of the gel-like _______________ |
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Term
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Definition
| once stimulated, the hair cells transmit impulses along ____________ |
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Term
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Definition
| hearing loss of any degree |
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Term
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Definition
| results when something interferes with the conduction of sound vibrations to the fluids of the inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when there is degeneration or damage to the receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, to the cochlear nerve, or to neurons of auditory cortex |
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Term
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Definition
Causes: arteriosclerosis, degeneration of cranial nerve VIII, and increased pressure of the inner ear fluids
procressive deafness, nausea, vertigo, ringing in ears |
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Term
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Definition
respond to chemicals in solution
receptors for taste and olfaction are classified as _________________ |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors for the sense of smell |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons equipped with olfactory hairs |
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Term
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Definition
| long cilia that protrude from the nasal epithelium and are continuously bathed by a layer of mucus secreted by underlying glands |
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Term
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Definition
| olfactory receptors transmit impulses along this bundled axons of olfactory neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of olfactory filaments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specific receptors for taste |
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Term
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Definition
| the dorsal tongue surface is covered with these small peglike projections |
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Term
circumvallate papillae
fungiform papillae |
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Definition
| taste buds are found on the sides of the large round _________ and on the tops of the more numerous ________________ |
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Term
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Definition
| specific cells that respond to chemicals dissolved in the saliva are epithelial cells called ______________ |
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Term
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Definition
long microvilli
protrude through the taste pore
when they are stimulated, depolarize and impulses are transmitted to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| serves the anterior part of the tongue |
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Term
| glassophayngeal and vagus |
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Definition
| the two cranial nerves that serve the other taste bud-containing areas besides the anterior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
results from decreasing lens elasticity that accompanies aging
farsightedness |
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Term
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Definition
sensorineural deafness
gradual deterioration and atrophy of the spiral organ of Corti |
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