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Special Senses
Taste Sensation
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/27/2007

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Term

Taste Buds

Definition

S: Oval bodies consisting of 3 types of cells:

Supporting, Gustatory, and Basal Cells 

 

F: Sensory receptor organ for taste

 

L: Tongue (Within Papillae), soft palate, and epiglottis 

Term
Taste Buds / Supporting (Sustentacular) Cells
Definition

S: Form a capsule, contains 4-20 gustatory cells

 

F: Insulate gustatory cells from each other

 

L: Taste buds

Term
Taste Buds / Gustator (Receptor) Cells
Definition

S: Contains gustatory hairs (Micro Villi),

which extends through taste pores

 

F: Chemoreceptors, are the primary nueron

(dendrite) of the Gustatory Pathway

 

L: Tongue

Term
Taste Buds / Basal Cells
Definition

 
F: Produce supporting cells and then develope into gustatory cells replacing the old ones

 

L: Bottom of taste bud

Term

Taste Buds / Papillae

Definition

 S: Bumpy projections (elevations) on the surface of the tongue

3 Major Types: Circumvallate, Fungiform, and Filiform

 

F: House taste buds

 

L: Tongue

Term
Taste Buds / Papillae / Circumvallate (Vallete)
Definition

S: Largest in size, dome shape, forms inverted "V" shape, and consists of 7-12 taste buds

 

F: Works with mucous membrane, flushes materials to ensure the taste buds can respond to changing stimuli

 

L: Posterior 1/3 of tongue, and side walls of the mouth

Term
Taste Buds / Papillae / Fungiform
Definition

S: Mushroom shape

 

F: Distinguishes sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes

 

L: Covers the entire surface of the tongue,

mostly on the tip and sides of the tongue.

Term
Taste Buds / Papillae / Filiform
Definition

S: Most numerous, thin long "V" shaped cone projections, contains no taste buds in humans

 

F: Involved with mastication

 

L: Anterior 2/3 of the tongue, arranged parallel to circumvallete and transversely at the tip of the tongue

Term

Taste Sensations (4)

Definition

Sweet (Organic substances, sugar and amino acids)

 

Sour (Acids, and H+ "Positive Hydrogen" ions)

 

Salty (Inorganic salt, and metal ions)

 

Bitter (Alkaloid, nicotine, and caffine)

Term
Taste Sensations / Sweet
Definition

S: Organic substances, sugar and amino acids

 

Transduction: Causes K+ ion channels to close

Term
Taste Sensations / Sour
Definition

S: Acids, H+ ions

 

Transduction: H+ ions act as a taste cell by directly entering through a channel, opening channels that allow other cations "Positively charged ions" to enter, or by closing K+ channels

Term
Taste Sensations / Salt
Definition

S: Inorganic salt, and metal ions

 

Transduction: Influx of Na+ ions through Na+ channel causes depolarization, opening voltage regulated Ca2+ gates, flooding the cell with ions, leading to the release of neurotransmitters 

Term
Taste Sensations / Bitter
Definition

S: Alkaloids, nicotine, and caffine

 

Transduction: Increased intracellular levels of Ca2+ 

Term

Taste Sensations / Regions of Sensation (Tongue)

Definition

Tip - Sensative mostly to sweet and salty substances

 

Sides  - Sensative mostly to sour substances

 

Back  - Sensative mostly to bitter substances

 

Multiple sensations can be detected by each taste bud

Term

Activation of Taste Receptors

Definition

The chemical substance must dissolve in saliva,

 

diffuse into taste pores,

 

stimulate the gustatory hairs (receptor),

 

and depolarize to produce an action potential

Term
Gusatory (Taste) Pathway
Definition

Facial (7), Glossopharyngeal (9), and Vagus (10)

Cranial Nerves send afferent impulses through the:

 

Medulla (Solitary Nuclei) and Hypothalamus

 

To the Primary Gustatory Area

 

Term
Other contributors to taste perception (5)
Definition

Thermoreceptors (Hot / Cold)
Mechanoreceptors (Texture)
Nociceptors (Pain)


Temperature
Smell (Greater than or equal to 80% of taste)

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