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Special Senses
Special Senses
75
Anatomy
Not Applicable
04/08/2005

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Cards

Term
general senses of touch (3)
Definition
"temperature, pressure, pain"
Term
special senses (5)
Definition
"smell, taste, sight, hearing, equilibrium"
Term
receptors for equilibrium housed in the…
Definition
ear
Term
70 percent of all sensory receptors are in the…
Definition
eye
Term
protection for eye (2)
Definition
(1) most of eye is enclosed in bony orbit; (2) cushion of fat surrounds most of the eye
Term
external and accessory structures of the eye (6)
Definition
"eyelids, eyelashes, meibomian glands, ciliary glands, conjuctiva, lacrimal apparatus"
Term
meibomian glands
Definition
produce oily secretion to lubricate eye (modified sebacious glands)
Term
ciliary glands
Definition
modified sweat glands between eyelashes
Term
conjuctiva (3)
Definition
membrane that lines eyelides; connects to surface of eye; secretes mucus to lubricate eye
Term
lacrimal aparatus consists of… (4)
Definition
"lacrimal gland; lacrimal canals, lacrimal sac; nasolacrimal duct"
Term
lacrimal gland
Definition
"produce/release lacrimal fluid, a dilute salt solution or tears (located above lateral end of each eye)"
Term
lacrimal canals
Definition
drains lacrimal fluid from eyes
Term
lacrimal sac
Definition
provides passage of lacrimal fluid from lacrimal canals towards nasal cavity
Term
nasolacrimal duct
Definition
"lacrimal fluid flushed into here from lacrimal sac, then empties into nasal cavity"
Term
lacrimal fluid
Definition
dilute salt solution that contains antibodies and lysozyme
Term
lacrimal appartus functions (2)
Definition
"(1) protects, mostens, lubricates eye; (2) empties into nasal cavity"
Term
lateral rectus
Definition
moves eye laterally
Term
medial rectus
Definition
moves eye medially
Term
superior rectus
Definition
elevates eye
Term
inferior rectus
Definition
depresses eye
Term
inferior oblique
Definition
elevates eye and turns it laterally
Term
superior oblique
Definition
depresses eye (looks down) and turns it laterally
Term
wall of eye composed of 3 tunics
Definition
fibrous tunic--sclera/white of eye and cornea which is transparent (outside layer); chorioid--blood rich (middle layer); sensory tunic or retina (inside layer
Term
"anteriorly, choriod is modified to form 2 smooth muscle structures"
Definition
clilary body (to which lens is attached) and iris
Term
retina has 2 types of receptors
Definition
rods and cones (called photoreceptors because respond to light)
Term
rods
Definition
on periphery--to see black/white and dark vision; most found towards edges of retina
Term
cones
Definition
gives color; densest in center of retina
Term
fovea centralis
Definition
lateral to each blond spot in eye--contains only cones
Term
rods and cones distributed over entire retina EXCEPT…
Definition
where optic nerve leaves eyeball at the obtic disc or blind spot
Term
how many types of cones? Why?
Definition
3--different cones are sensitive to different wavelengths (color blindess is result of lack of one cone type)
Term
lens
Definition
"biconvex, crystal-like structure"
Term
lens held in place by
Definition
a suspensory ligament attached to ciliary body
Term
aqueous humor
Definition
water fluid found in chamber between lens and cornea; similar to blood plasma
Term
functions of aqueous humor (2)
Definition
helps maintain introcular pressure; provides nutrients for lens and cornea
Term
aqueous humor reabsorbed into venous blood through…
Definition
canal of Schlemm (located at juinction of sclera and cornea)
Term
accommodation
Definition
ability of eye to focus specifically for close objects (less than 20 feet away)
Term
optic chiasma
Definition
where nerve fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to opposite side
Term
optic tracts
Definition
fiber tracts that result from cross over at optic chiasma
Term
visual pathway (3)
Definition
(1) optic tracts…(2) thalamus…(3) visula cortex of occipital lobe
Term
convergence
Definition
reflexive movement of eyes medially when viewing close objects
Term
photopupillary reflex
Definition
pupils constrict in bright light
Term
accomodation pupillary reflex
Definition
pupils constrict when viewing close objects
Term
ear houses 2 senses
Definition
hearing and equilibrium (balance)
Term
mechanoreceptors
Definition
receptors that respond to physical forces in ear
Term
ear divided into 3 areas
Definition
outer ear (pinna and external auditory canal); middle ear (tympanic cavity); inner ear (osseous or bony labyrinth)
Term
ceruminous glands
Definition
secrete earwax or cerumen
Term
tympanic membrane
Definition
eardrum (at end of external auditory canal)
Term
tympanic cavity
Definition
air-rilled cavity in temporal bone; only involved in sense of hearing
Term
2 tupes associated with tympanic cavity
Definition
opening from auditory canal (oval window) is covered by tympanic membrane; auditory tube connecting middle ear with throat
Term
bones of tympanic cavity (3)
Definition
malleus (hammer); incus (anvil); stapes (stirrup)
Term
inner ear or bony labyrinth filled with
Definition
perilymph (plasmalike fluid)
Term
inner ear consists of (3)
Definition
"cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals"
Term
organ of Corti
Definition
inside cochlea; contains hearing receptors or hair cells
Term
basilar membrane
Definition
hair cells of organ of Corti positioned on this
Term
tectorial membrane
Definition
lies over hair cells of organ of Corti
Term
vestibular apparatus
Definition
equilibrium receptors of inner ear
Term
equilibrium receptor cells in 2 structures
Definition
vestibule and semicircular canals
Term
static equilibrium
Definition
equilibrium at rest
Term
maculae
Definition
equilibrium receptors in vestibule (report on position of head and send info via vestibular nerve)
Term
ltolithic membrane
Definition
"each macula is a patch of receptor cells with their ""hairs"" embedded in the otolithic membrane (gel material containing tiny calcium stones)"
Term
dynamic equilibrium
Definition
equilibrium when moving head (receptors found in semicircular canals)
Term
crista ampullaris
Definition
receptors in semicircular canals--consist of tuft of hair cells covered with gelatinous cap (cupula)
Term
chemical senses
Definition
taste and smell (both use chemoreceptors)
Term
taste has how many types of receptors?
Definition
four (4)
Term
olfactory receptors location
Definition
roof of nasal cavity
Term
olfactory impulses transmitted via which nerve?
Definition
olfactory nerve--CN1
Term
interpretation of smells made in…
Definition
the cortex
Term
"when olfactory receptor cells stimulated by chemicals dissolved in mucus, they transmit umpulses along the…"
Definition
olfactory filaments (which make up the olfactory nerve--CN1)
Term
papillae
Definition
projections that cover the tongue
Term
filiform papillae
Definition
sharp with no taste buds
Term
fungiform papillae
Definition
rounded with taste buds
Term
circumvallate papillae
Definition
large papillae (on back of tongue) with taste buds
Term
gustatory cells
Definition
receptors of taste buds; have hairs (long microvilli) which are stimulated by chemicals dissolved in saliva
Term
3 cranial nerves carry taste impulses from various tast buds to gustatory cortex
Definition
"facial nerve covers anterior part of tongue (CN7), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9); vagus nerve (CN10)"
Term
4 basic taste sensations (receptors)
Definition
"sweet, sour (acids), bitter (alkaloids) salty (metal ions)"
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