Divides the airway into upper and lower respiratory tracts

Houses vocal folds 

Protection of the airway 

Open back because esophagus attaches to it   Three membranes: fibrous membrane     

                                       intratrachael fibroelastic

                              mucous membrane

Housing in the mucous membrane

Located within trachea and respiratory branches to protect the lungs 

First cartilage attaches to the larynx

Last cartilage separates into the main stem of the bronchi at the carina

This is where the trachea divides into two cartilage-ringes tubes

Bronchial tubes eventually divide into bronchioles

Right is larger than left because it doesn't house the heart 

Passive- not a muscle 

Where the chest wall moves so do the lungs, due to pleural linkage

Three types: visceral pleura (outside lungs)

parietal pleura (inside chest wall)

interpleura space (lines inner walls of thoracic cavity)

Function: Reduce friction

Negative intrapleural pressure

protection of lungs 

keeps lungs and thorax together 

Made up by the diaphragm and lungs

Makes up the floor of the thoracic cavity 

Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

Primary muscle for inspiration

-Made of 24 short segments of bone (vertebrae) and 2 larger pieces (the sacrum and the coccyx)

-7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum and coccyx

separate the vertebrae

-amphiarthrodial/yielding joints

-fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage

-acts as a cushion between vertebrae

-attach to the transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

-the cage serves to protect the heart and lungs

-the ribs give a fair degree of rigidty to the thoracic cavity

-Made up of paired coxal(or hip) bones

-Together with the sacrum and coccyx these form the bony pelvis

-Supporting structure to which lower limbs are attached

-pelvic girdle

-attachments for abdominal muscles and provides a "floor" for the abdominal viscera 

2 parts:

-Clavicle: collar bone

-Scapula: shoulder blade

-Manubrium: top part

-Corpus: body

-Xiphoid process: muscle attachment (diaphragm)

-12 pairs of ribs

-  1-7 increase in size

-   8-12 decrease in size 

-Creates a barrel-like shape to the thorax

-long curved bone

-shaft, head, neck, and tubercle

1. Increase the volume of the lungs. That in turn, decreases air pressure within our lungs relative to atmospheric air pressure outside of our bodies

2. The air pressure difference between the enlarged lungs and outside air is instantly equalized by air moving into the expanded lungs

1. Decrease the volume of the lungs. That in turn increases air pressure within our lungs relative to atmospheric air pressure outside of our bodies

2. The air pressure difference between the compressed lungs and outside air is instantly equalized by air moving out of the compressed lungs

1. Quiet inhalation (or resting)

2. Forced inhalation (or labored)

-when you're acitve, running

-lowers diaphragm by 4 inches

1. Diaphragm

2. External Intercoastal Muscles

-Lies between thoracic cavity above and abdominal cavity below. 

-Dome shaped when relaxed, flattens on inspiration

-Increase the size of the thoracic cavity

-Shorten when they contract

-largest chest muscle

-lifts the rib cage, increases lung volume

-punching muscle

-pulls and raises ribs back, increases lung volume

-Responsible for decreasing the dimensions of the thoracic cavity

-Abdominal muscles of expiration can push up on diaphragm thus reducing vertical dimension of thorax

-Thoracic muscles of expiration act upon the ribs essentially depressing them to reduce thoracic dimensions

1. Quiet exhalation

2. Active exhalation

-Passive expiration is accomplished by nonmuscular forces (recoil forces) 

-Potential stored energy resulting from the stretched inspiratory muscles is released

-Rectus: "strapped shaped"

- reduces lung volume

-Very strong muscle

-Pulls down the rib cage, lowers lung volume

-for expiration

-Oblique= "at an angle"

-pulls down the rib cage, decreases lung volume

-For expiration

-Lowering ribcage during forced exhalation