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South College Neuroanatomy Lec
Neuroanatomy Lecture IV Cerebellum
11
Anatomy
Graduate
10/25/2008

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Term

Name the condition:  Disordered contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles, and lack of normal coordination between movements at different joints.

 

These movements have abnormal timing or ____

These movements ahve abnormale trajectories through space or ____

 

 

Definition
Ataxia;
Dysrhythmia;
Dysmetria (Most cerebellum problems will involve both of these)
Term

Most cerebellar connections are _______ or they will cross the brain _______ so malfunctioning in the cerebellum will always manifest on the same side of the body.

 

What are 3 I's of Cerebellar Stroke?

 

 

Definition
Ipsilateral;

Twice;

Ipsilateral, Intact Structure deprived of regulation, Improves with time
Term

The _______ and  ______ aid in Truncal Movements (Midline cerebellum)

 The ________ hemispheres aid in Ipsilateral Skilled movements (Neocerebellum)

 Stroke of Neocerebellum results in (3 major manifestations)

 

 

Definition
archicerebellum, paleocerebellum;
Cerebellar Hemispheres;
Nystagmus, Dysarthria (difficulty with speech...scanning speech), and genereal unsteadiness
Term

A disruption of the _______  ______-_______ ______ pathway would cause a NON-CEREBELLAR ATAXIA. 

It is a _______ ataxia that can be proven with a positive Romberg test.  It is positive because the condition is improvable with visual feedback.

Definition
Posterior clumn-medial lemniscus pathway
Sensory Ataxia (Romberg test...ask pt. to stand with eyes open ....then do the same with eyes closed....positive test if pt. cannot maintain balance)
Term

Dr. Goss Part: 

 

The ____ _____ seperates the Cerebellum from the Cerebrum

 Cerebellum actions do/do not reach conscious awareness?

Situationed on the ______ ______ Fossa

Definition
tenatorium cerebelli;
do not (cerebellum has 50% of brains neurons...only 10% of volume.)
Posterior Cranial (along with the pons and medulla oblongata)
Term

Transverse Cerebellar Lobe name it: A)Oldest, related to vestibular part of VIII and thus helps to regulate equilibrium through the vestibulotract

B)Rostral to primary fissure, general sensory receptors, concerned with muscle tone and walking

C)Newest, and largest, receives afferent projections from contralateral sensorimotor cortex, FUNCTIONS IN COORDINATION OF FINE AND SKILLED MOVEMENTS

Definition
Floccular nodular Lobe (Archicerebellum);
Anterior Lobe (Paleocerebellum);
Posterior Lobe (Neocerebellum);
Term

Longitudinal Cerebellar regions:

A)Contributes to body posture

B) Regulates movements of ipsilateral extremities (walking)

C) Regulates skilled movements of extremity (tying your shoe)

 

Definition
Vermis;
Paravermal region;
Lateral zone;
Term

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

 

A) Largest communicates through cerebellar penuncle, carries information important for coordination of limb movements B) Regulates body posture, is related to the flocculo nodular lobe C)one half of interposed nuclei, regulates movements of ipsilateral extremityD)other half does same thing as C)

Definition
Dentate Nucleus (carries info along with motor cortex and basal ganglia)
Fastigial Nucleus;
Emboliform Nucleus(medial side of nucles dentatus);
Globose Nucleus;
Term

Cerebellar Connections or Peduncles Name em:

1) Afferent: mediate sensorimotor input to cerebellum

2)afferent....same as 1

3) Efferent: transmit output from cerebellum to brainstem and on to thalamus, motor cortex, and spinal cord

 

Afferent:Efferent Ratio?

Definition
Inferior;
Middle;
Superior;

40:1
Term

The __________ tract includes the posterior and anterior __________ tracts
Carries sensation to the cerebellum concerning position of muscles, tendons (such as, _____ _____ organs) and joints

 

Name Afferent Tracts of the Inferior Peduncle (5)

Definition
Spinocerebellar, spinocerebellar
Golgi Tendon;
VDROC or Vestibulocerebellar, Dorsal Spinocerebellar, Reticulocerebellar, Olivocerebellar, Cuneocerebellar TRACTS
Term

More Afferent Pathways (Medial Peduncle)

Info comes from opposite cerebral cortex, and give _____ and ______ inputs.

EFFERENT pathways:  go through _____cerebellar peduncle.  Arise from ______, ______, and ______ Nuclei and are routed to the ______ _____ of the brainstem, the _____ and the ______ ____.

Definition
Visual and Auditory;
Superior;
Dentate, Emboliform, and Globose NUCLEI
Red Nucleus (in brainstem), Thalmus, and Motor Cortex.
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