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Somatosensation
Somatosensation
103
Anatomy
Graduate
02/23/2015

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Term
5 types of somatosensory information
Definition
light touch, vibration, proprioception, pain, temperature
Term
sensory stimuli from the body enters where
Definition
spinal cord
Term
sensory stimuli from the head enters what?
Definition
brainstem
Term
sensory stimuli from the head enters the brainstem via what?
Definition
cranial nerves
Term
what are sensory receptors?
Definition
modified nerve endings and free nerve endings
Term
what is an important collective property of the somatosensation pathway
Definition
discriminative or 2-point touch
Term
What are 2 types of sensory receptors regarding tactile sensation and proprioception
Definition
cutaneous mechanoreceptors, muscle mechanoreceptors
Term
what are 5 cutaneous mechanorecetpors
Definition
meissner's corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles, ruffini corpuscles, merkel receptors, hair receptors
Term
what are 3 muscle mechanoreceptors
Definition
muscle spindles, joint capsule receptors, golgi tendon organs
Term
3 ways in which cutaneous mechanoreceptors can differ
Definition
location in skin, size of receptive fields, adaptation characteristcs
Term
what type of fibers enter the spinal cord
Definition
dorsal root fibers
Term
As dorsal root fibers approach the SC they segregate into what?
Definition
medial bundle, lateral bundle
Term
Composed of larger axons that represent the central processes of neurons associated with encapsulated receptors
Definition
medial bundle,
Term
Medial bundle is composed of larger axons that represent the central processes of neurons associated with encapsulated receptors such as what (4)
Definition
spindles, GTOs, pacinian corpuscles, meissner's corpuscles
Term
composed of smaller unmeylinated or lightly myelinated axons that represent the central processes of neurons associated with what type of receptors?
Definition
non-encaspulated receptors
Term
Composed of larger axons that represent the central processes of neurons associated with what type of receptors
Definition
encapsulated
Term
Composed of larger axons that represent the central processes of neurons associated with what non-encapsulated receptors such as
Definition
free nerve endings
Term
each central process divides into branches as it enters the spinal cord, which way do the branches travel
Definition
ascending and descending
Term
the branching of the central process provides the opportunity for what?
Definition
intersegmental reflex circuits
Term
sharing of sensory information among nearby spinal levels
Definition
intersegmental reflex circuits
Term
fibers of the medial bundle enter where?
Definition
dorsal column
Term
fibers of the lateral bundle enter where?
Definition
dorsolateral fascisculs (tract of lissaauer)
Term
what happens when the fibers of the lateral bundle enter the dorsolateral fasciculus (tract of lissauer)
Definition
ascend and descend for short distances
Term
what is the primary bases for the overlapping of dermatomes
Definition
intersegmental connections
Term
when fibers of the lateral bundle enter the dorsolateral fasciculus and ascend to descend, these fibers establish synaptic contacts with cells in which horn?
Definition
dorsal horn
Term
when fibers of the lateral bundle enter the dorsolateral fasciculus and ascend to descend, these fibers establish synaptic contacts with cells in the dorsal horn where?
Definition
at the level of entry and at levels above and below the level of entry
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 1st order neuron: cell body
Definition
dorsal root ganglion
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 1st order neuron:(3)
Definition
meissner's corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles, merkel's discs
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 1st order neuron:central processes of the dorsal root ganglion synapse with what?
Definition
fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 1st order neurons: fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus synapses with what
Definition
nuelus gracilis/cuneatus
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 1st order neuron:what does nucelus gracilis/cuneatus synapse with
Definition
internal arcuate fibers
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 2nd order neuron:internal arcuate fibers synapse with what?
Definition
contralateral medial lemniscus
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 2nd order neuron: medial lemniscus synapses with what
Definition
ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 3rd order neuron: Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus synapses with what
Definition
posterior limb of the internal capsule
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: ascending pathway: 3rd order neuron: posterior limb of the internal capsule synapses with what
Definition
post central gyrus
Term
what are the sensory stimuli for the pain and temperature system
Definition
pain, temperature, some light touch information
Term
what are the sensory receptors for the pain and temperature system
Definition
free nerve endings
Term
the sensory receptors for the pain and temperature system are free nerve endings and include what specific receptors?
Definition
nociceptors, thermal receptors
Term
detection and localization of a stimulated pain reecptor
Definition
nociception
Term
emotional, affective, and arousal aspects of the detection and localization of a stimulated pain receptor
Definition
pain
Term
mechanonocipcetors associated with sharp, pricking sensation
Definition
A-delta fibers
Term
polymodal nociceptors associated with slow, burning sensation
Definition
C fibers
Term
primary axons of the pain and temperature system
Definition
A-delta and C fibers
Term
multiple pathways transmit information about pain and temperature, what are they collectively known as
Definition
spinal lemnsicus or anterolateral system
Term
What are the pain and temperature system pathways known as the spinal lemniscus/ anterolateral system
Definition
all travel together in the anterolateral region of the spinal cord and brainstem
Term
which is the earlier phylogentic tract? lateral spinothalamic or paleospinothalamic
Definition
paleospinothalamic
Term
which is the more elaborate tract? lateral spinothalamic or paleospinothalamic
Definition
neo/lateral spinothalamic tract
Term
which pain and temperature tract has access to consciousness and involves neurons of cerebral cortex
Definition
both neo/lateral spinothalmic tract and paleospinothalamic
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract mediates temperature and fast pain
Definition
neo/lateral spinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract is rapidly perceived, can be accurately scaled in its intensity, accurately localized on the body surface
Definition
neo/lateral spinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract is of short duration?
Definition
neo/lateral spinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract is conveyed by a-delta fibers
Definition
neo/lateral spinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract which is tested with prick of a pin in the neurological examination
Definition
neo/lateral spinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract synapses in the ventral posterolateral nucelus of the thalamus
Definition
neo/lateral spinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract mediates slow, enduring, aching, burning, intense pain
Definition
paleospinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract pain that is diffuse (poorly localized or crude)
Definition
paleospinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract is associated with a strong emotional component, and may be the reason some seeks medical attention for pain
Definition
paleospinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: which tract is conveyed by C fibers
Definition
paleospinothalamic tract
Term
pain and temperature system: the fibers of the paleospinothalamic tract at the level of the brain stem, assume a more _____ postion than neospinothalamic tract axons
Definition
medial
Term
pain and temperature system: the paleospinothalamic tract is aka
Definition
paramedial ascending system
Term
as the paleospinothalamic tract (paramedial ascending system) ascends to the thalamus it had distinct projections to numerous brain stem sites including:
Definition
medullary and pontine reticular formation (spinoreticular tract), and midbrain (ie periaqueductal gray, spinomesencephalic tract)
Term
pain and temperature system: paleospinothalamic tract (paramedial ascending system) terminates in what
Definition
intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
Term
pain and temperature system: paleospinothalamic tract: fron the thalamus neurons project to limbic system structures such as __(2)___ and subcortical nuclei such as ___(1)____
Definition
prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, amygdala
Term
mediates the affective and motivational responses to pain
Definition
limbic system
Term
where is the dorsolateral fasciculus located
Definition
spinal gray matter of dorsal horn
Term
differences between pain and temperature and touch pathways: origin
Definition
type of receptor and size of axon
Term
differences between pain and temperature and touch pathways: in regards to 2nd order neuron
Definition
location of 2nd order neuron cell body and location of crossing of its axon
Term
differences between pain and temperature and touch pathways: in regards to pathways and terminations
Definition
multiple pathways, multiple terminations in brainstem and cerebrum
Term
where do axons transmitting pain information first enter the SC
Definition
dorsolateral fasciculus
Term
after the pain information enters the dorsolateral fasciculus, what do teh fibers do?
Definition
ascend and descend 1-2 segments before synapsing
Term
Spinothalamic tract: 1st order neuron cell body
Definition
dorsal root ganglion
Term
Spinothalamic tract: 1st order neuron: peripheral processes of the dorsal root ganglion carry information from what
Definition
free nerve endings, thermoreceptors
Term
Spinothalamic tract: 1st order neuron: central processes travel through what
Definition
anterior commisure
Term
Spinothalamic tract: 1st order neuron: cross to contralateral side where
Definition
anterior commissure
Term
Spinothalamic tract: 2nd order neuron: after the central processes cross the anterior commissure they enter what
Definition
anterolateral system
Term
Spinothalamic tract: 2nd order neuron: anterolateral system synapses onto what
Definition
ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
Term
Spinothalamic tract: 3rd order neuron: Ventral posterolateral nucelus send information out through what
Definition
posterior limb of the internal capsule
Term
Spinothalamic tract: 3rd order neuron: posterior limb of the internal capsule synapses with what
Definition
post-central gyrus
Term
what are the 2 "other" pain pathways
Definition
spinoreticular tract, spinomesencephalic (spinotectal) tract
Term
spinoreticular tract: as paramedial ascending system fibers ascend the brainstem they project via axon collaterals to what?
Definition
raphe nuclei of reticular formation
Term
spinoreticular tract: as paramedial ascending system fibers ascend the brainstem they project via axon collaterals to raphe nuclei of reticular formation of what? (2)
Definition
medulla and pons
Term
Spinomesencephalic (spinotectal) tract: As paramedial ascending system fibers ascend the brain stem, they project via axon collaterals to what?
Definition
periaqueductal gray and superior colliculi
Term
Spinomesencephalic (spinotectal) tract: As paramedial ascending system fibers ascend the brain stem, they project via axon collaterals to periaqueductal gray and superior colliculi of what?
Definition
midbrain
Term
Spinomesencephalic (spinotectal) tract: As paramedial ascending system fibers ascend the brain stem, they project via axon collaterals to periaqueductal gray in the midbrain for what?
Definition
pain modulation
Term
Spinomesencephalic (spinotectal) tract: As paramedial ascending system fibers ascend the brain stem, they project via axon collaterals to superior colliculi for what?
Definition
reflexive behavior
Term
indirect pathway conveying information for pain reflexes involving head and eye turning stimulus and for modulation of pain via descending pathways to the spinal cord
Definition
spinomesencephalic (spinotectal) tract
Term
which tract terminates in the reticular formation of the medulla and pons
Definition
spinoreticular tract
Term
which tract terminates in the periaqueductal gray?
Definition
spinomesenchepalic tract
Term
which tract terminates in the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
Definition
paleospinothalamic tract
Term
tract responsible for light touch sensation
Definition
anterior spinothalamic tract
Term
anterior spinothalamic tract is very similar to what other tract
Definition
neospinothalamic tract
Term
differences between the anterior and neo-spinothalamic tract?
Definition
tract fibers cross slowly (within 6-8 cord segments), ASTT carries light touch rather than pain and temp
Term
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: afferent fibers synapse where?
Definition
dorsal horn gray matter
Term
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: afferent fibers synapse in the dorsal horn gray matter on what?
Definition
neurons whose axons decussate (cross to contralateral side)
Term
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: afferent fibers synapse in the dorsal horn gray matter on neurons whose axons decussate (Cross to contralateral side) via what?
Definition
anterior white commissure
Term
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: afferent fibers synapse in the dorsal horn gray matter on neurons whose axons decussate (cross to contralateral side) via the anterior white commissure and ascend the spinal cord as what?
Definition
anterior spinothalamic tract
Term
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: Ascending fibers of the ASTT synapse in what?
Definition
ventral posterolateral nucelus of the thalamus
Term
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: travels in which column of the spinal cord?
Definition
anterior
Term
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: by traveling in the anterior column, this tract is separated from what
Definition
neo-and paleospinothalamic tracts
Term
in the closed medulla the anterior spinothalamic tract is indistinguishable from which tracts?
Definition
from those carrying pain and temperature
Term
Pathway for Conscious Perception of Touch Sensation: does input cross over to contralateral side? if so which fibers going to where?
Definition
yes, internal arcuate fibres go to contralatral side to interact with medial lemniscus
Term
Pathway for Pain and Temperature: Does input cross over to contralateral side? If so which fibers and where?
Definition
Yes, fibers of dorsal root ganglion cross at anterior white commissure and enter anterolateral system
Term
pathway for light touch sensation: does input cross over to contralateral side? if so which fibers and where?
Definition
yes, doral root ganglion fibers cross over at anterior commissure and enter anterior spinothalamic tract
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