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| referring to the Middle Ages in Europe or the period of history in between ancient and modern times |
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| sparsely populated, undeveloped area on the outskirts of civilization |
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| agents of Emperor Charlemagne who traveled throughout the empire to check the condition of the roads, listen to grievances, and see that justice was done |
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| loosley organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord |
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| in medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord |
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| exchange of pledges between lords and vassals |
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| in the Middle Ages, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty |
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| noble in Eurpe who served as a mounted warrior for a lord in the Middle Ages |
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| mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to show off their fighting skills |
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| code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages |
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| during the Middle Ages in Europe, a lod's estate, which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands |
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| in medieval Europe, peasant bound to the lord's land |
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| sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| payment to a church equal to one tenth of a person's income |
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| having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters |
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| authority of medieval popes over all secular rulers |
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| system of law that is the same for all people, based on court decisions that have become accepted legal principles |
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| exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church laws |
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| in the Roman Catholic Church, excommunication of an entire region, town, or kingdom |
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| selling of Church offices |
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| monk who traveled throughout Europe's growing towns to preach to the poor |
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| someone who would pay rent to a lord in order to farm the land |
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| new class of peope, including merchants, traders, and artisans- who stood between peasants and nobles |
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| practice of lending money with interest |
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| in the Middle Ages, association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests |
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| young person learning a trade from a master |
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| salaried worker who was employed by a master guild |
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