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Social Studies Praxis Review Test 5
Questions from test 5
61
History
Undergraduate 4
01/06/2011

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Term
The term of office for a member of the House of Representatives is?
Definition
Six years
Term
The first country to form an Eastern Bloc to elect a non-communist government was?
Definition
Poland
Term
Reconquista
Definition
A centuries-long series of battles and population movements culminating with the triumph of Christian forces at Granada and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492.
Term
What was the Compromise of 1877?
Definition
The Compromise of 1877 was the unwritten agreement among members of the Electoral Commission formed to settle the Presidential election of 1876. In exchange for withdrawing Federal troops from South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana, as well as putting a Democratic party member in his Cabinet, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the deciding electoral vote to become President.
Term
What was a consequence of the Compromise of 1877?
Definition
Total withdrawal of the federal troops from former Confederate states.
Term
Northwest Ordinance
Definition
established the precedent by which the United States would achieve Manifest Destiny--through the admission of new States rather than by the expansion of existing States
Term
Cuban Missile Crisis
Definition
was a confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962, during the Cold War. In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments began to surreptitiously build bases in Cuba for a number of medium- and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) with the ability to strike most of the continental United States. This action followed the 1958 deployment of Thor IRBMs in the UK and Jupiter IRBMs to Italy and Turkey in 1961 – more than 100 U.S.-built missiles having the capability to strike Moscow with nuclear warheads. On October 14, 1962, a United States U-2 photoreconnaissance plane captured photographic proof of Soviet missile bases under construction in Cuba.
Term
When did the US withdraw missiles from Turkey?
Definition
Outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Term
Which book had the greatest impact on raising the American public's awareness of the need to regulate business and reform government during the early part of the 20th Century?
Definition
The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens.
Term
Which international relations theory focuses on state security and power above all else
Definition
Realism
Term
Realism
Definition
States are self-interested, power-seeking rational actors, who seek to maximize their security and chances of survival. As a result, any cooperation between States is explained as functional in order to maximize each State's security, as opposed to more idealistic reasons.
Term
In the past few years, information has been presented before the European Union Parliament showing that the dumping of toxic and nuclear waste has led to an increase in piracy by which country?
Definition
Somalia
Term
The right to bear arms is in which amendment?
Definition
2nd
Term
The best-selling book by which author was banned in the South?
Definition
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Term
Amendment of the U.S. Constitution formally defines citizenship and protects people's civil rights from infringement by any State.
Definition
14th
Term
In which Latin American country is English the official language?
Definition
Belize
Term
The Massachusetts Government Act
Definition
brought the government of Massachusetts directly under the control of the British government, and specifically stipulated against most town meeting activity.
Term
Isolationism
Definition
advocates military use for self-defense only, and the restriction of trade, travel, and cultural interactions with other nations.
Term
instein once said, “Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality. Because [X] realized this, and particularly because he drummed it into the scientific world, he is the father of modern physics—indeed, of modern science altogether.” Which of the following scientists was Einstein referring to?
Definition
Galileo Galilei.
Term
John C. Calhoun
Definition
of South Carolina served as Vice-President under first, John Quincy Adams, then Andrew Jackson. He resigned from the office of Vice-President during the Nullification Crisis, and ran for the Senate. He was elected to the Senate on December 28, 1832, and five years later he delivered a speech in the Senate justifying his views on slavery, going well beyond the position even a slave-owning politician such as Jackson would have stated in public.
Term
“But I take higher ground. I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slave-holding states between the two is, instead of an evil, a good—a positive good.” The preceding sentiments were held by which American politician?
Definition
John C. Calhoun
Term
he Executive Directory of Revolutionary France, the Imperial Council of Japan during the Meiji era, and the English barons who compelled King John to sign the Magna Carta are all examples of
Definition
Oligarchy
Term
Which of the following was not an advocate of communism?
A. Karl Marx
B. Lenin
C. Machiavelli
Definition
Machiavelli
Term
Libya currently obtains most of its fresh water from which source?
Definition
Fossil Water
Term
Who wrote a book that established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perspective of Social Contract Theory?
Definition
Thomas Hobbes
Term
Social Contract Theory
Definition
people give up sovereignty to a government or other authority in order to receive or maintain social order through the rule of law. It can also be thought of as an agreement by the governed on a set of rules by which they are governed.
Term
Who has the sole power of impeachment?
Definition
House of Representatives
Term
Firms in perfect competition can increase their profits if:
Definition
The market price goes up
Term
he Ancient Pueblo People whose culture centered around the present-day Four Corners area of the Southwestern United States were called?
Definition
Anasazi
Term
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
Definition
by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. The Royal Proclamation continues to be of legal importance to First Nations in Canada
Term
In an attempt to bolster alliances with Native American tribes, the British Crown forbade American colonists from trespassing west of the Allegheny Mountains.
Definition
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Term
The term price elasticity of demand refers to:
Definition
The covariance of price and demand
Term
Describe the relationship between social structure, religion, politics, and economics in the ancient Greek city-states
Definition
The Greek polis was stratified into a property-owning elite engaged in warfare, commercial enterprise, and political decision-making, and a subclass of agricultural producers who did not have a say in politics, but who participated equally with the elite in matters of religious rituals.
Term
Liberal Internationalism
Definition
argues that liberal States should intervene in other sovereign States in order to pursue liberal objectives, including military intervention and humanitarian aid.
Term
Great Compromise of 1787
Definition
That all States should be represented both at the State level and in accordance to the size of their population.
Term
The flight of Muhammad to Medina is also considered to be the beginning of Islam. When did this take place?
Definition
622 C.E.
Term
The year 1998 is significant in the politics of India and Pakistan for which of the following reasons?
Definition
Both countries conducted nuclear explosions.
Term
The total costs of a firm
Definition
the sum of total fixed costs and total variable costs. (TC=FC+VC).
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
promoted the desegregation of public schools; equal access to public facilities regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, or religion; and the elimination of Jim Crow laws allowing hotels and restaurants to exclude blacks.
Term
Protectionism
Definition
adds or advocates the addition of international tariffs to restrain trade between nations
Term
Macon's Bill Number 2
Definition
removing embargos
Term
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
Definition
discouraged and reduced international trade, an example protectionism
Term
Which of the following mountain ranges separates Europe from Asia?
Definition
Ural Mountains
Term
A proponent of which political orientation is most likely to advocate the ethical right of the United States to impose its values on the rest of the world?
Definition
Conservative
Term
Which American commander fought at the Battle of Saratoga, and then later switched sides
Definition
Benedict Arnold
Term
Due Process
Definition
The right of citizens to be protected from governmental whims and biased applications of the laws.
Term
Which country is responsible for the concept of zero?
Definition
India
Term
Vedas
Definition
Hinduism
Term
What is the difference between craft unions and industrial unions?
Definition
Craft unions organize workers according to specific trade skills, while industrial unions organize all the workers according to industry, regardless of trade skills.
Term
The world’s largest date palm forest is found in the drainage area of what?
Definition
Shatt al-Arab
Term
Okun's Law
Definition
Gross domestic product drops by about 2% for every 1% rise in unemployment.
Term
26th Amendment
Definition
The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this Article by appropriate legislation.”
Term
f the United States Department of Education wished to transfer funds from its Rural and Low-Income Schools Program to its English Literacy and Civics Education State Grants program, which of the following would have to happen first?
Definition
Congress would have to pass a law approving the transfer.
Term
Who was the 18th president of the US?
Definition
Ulysses S. Grant
Term
Stagflation
Definition
results when an economy is experiencing a stable recession (output below equilibrium), or stagnation, with high inflation. The high inflation is caused by the increase in prices created by an increase in aggregate supply.
Term
If the output of an economy is below equilibrium, and monetary policy has the effect of increasing only aggregate demand and aggregate supply, but not increasing output, the result is:
Definition
Stagflation
Term
What was the main purpose of the Articles of Association created by the First Continental Congress?
Definition
To implement a trade boycott with Great Britain
Term
Article Three of the US Constitution
Definition
escribes the U.S. court system, including the Supreme Court, the creation of lower courts and the right to trial by jury
Term
B.F. Skinner
Definition
The five obstacles of learning:

People have a fear of failure.
There is a lack of direction.
There is a lack of clarity in the direction.
Positive reinforcement is not used enough.
The task is not broken down into small enough steps.
Term
Where are the Atlas Mountains located?
Definition
North Africa
Term
Social Role
Definition
et of connected behaviors, rights and obligations as conceptualized by those in a social situation
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