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Small Animal Nursing Definitions
Veterinary Assistant
91
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
03/17/2011

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Term
Nursing
Definition
The provision of services essential or helpful to the restoration of health or the prevention of illness for others who for any other reason are not able to provide such services for themselves
Term
Polydactyls
Definition
Cats with up to six or seven toes per foot
Term
Common Feline Diseases (CFD): Feline Lower Urinary Tract Diseases (FLUTD)
Definition
A painful inflammation of the lower urinary tract that has the potential to be fatal, FLUTD could be caused by bacteria, a decreased intake of water and urine retention, diet or viruses
Term
CFD: Chronic Kidney Disease
Definition
Elderly cats are commonly afflicted by this disease due to gradual deterioration of the kidneys. It becomes harder for the kidneys to function and to eliminate waste products. If 75% or higher of both kidneys are damaged, the cat will be in renal failure
Term
CFD: Feline Incectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Definition
FIP is a virus that affects cats with decreased immune systems, such as kittens, geriatric cats, and those with other viruses. The FIP virus causes infection of the abdominal cavity, liver, kidneys, nervous system and brain
Term
CFD: Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
Definition
FeLV is a virus that causes cancer of the white blood cells and lymph system, spread through direct contact with other infected felines. Cats can be carriers with or without clinical symptoms
Term
CFD: Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
Definition
Like the HIV virus in humans, FIV suppresses the immune system and makes the feline susceptible to infection. It is transmitted through the saliva of an infected cat
Term
CFD: Feine Chlamydophila felis (Previously called Chlamydia psittaci)
Definition
Responsible for over 5% of all feline respiratory diseases, this bacterial disease is highly contagious, especially in young kittes, Clamydophila is a zoonosis
Term
CFD: Upper Respiratory Infections (URI)
Definition
A condition affecting the mouth, nasal passages, sinuses, and upper airway, most commonly caused by the Herpes virus of Calicivirus
Term
CFD: Feline Herpes Virus (Keratitis) AKA Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
Definition
A major cause of upper respiratory-tract infections, FHV is very serious and contagious
Term
CFD: Feline Calicivirus (FCV)
Definition
A major cause of upper respiratory-tract infection in cats, FCV is widespread and highly contagious
Term
CFD: Feline Panleukopenia AKA Feline Distemper & Feline Infectious Enteritis (FIE)
Definition
A highly contagious viral disease that can be transmitted through contact with humans, infected cats, clothing, hair, paws, food bowls, and even cat carriers, FIE attacks cells of the digestive system, bone marrow, lymph tissue, and white blood cells
Term
CFD: Rabies
Definition
The most dangerous of all animal diseases, Rabies is highly contagious and fatal to all mammals including humans. It is a zoonosis transmitted thrugh the saliva of an infected animal
Term
CFD: Toxoplasmosis
Definition
Although this disease can affect all mammals, it is more present in cats than in dogs. Cats can become infected by eating raw meat or contaminated prey, unitentionally ingesting a microscopic intestinal parasite. Humans become infected by handling the feces of an infected cat. Pregnant woman that become infected can transmit the disease to their unborn fetus
Term
CFD: Hairballs
Definition
Many cat owners become concerned when their felines hack, cough, and throw up clumps of hair. This is common for felines as they bathe themselves with their tongues, thus ingesting fur. Long haired cats are more susceptible. In severe cases, the fur will build up in their small intestines causing blockage and requiring surgery
Term
CFD: Endoparasites, AKA Internal Parasites
Definition
May cause discomfort for the feline and should be eliminated once detected. Internal parasites include: roundworms, tapeworms, thread worms, flukes, lungworms and heartworms
Term
CFD: Ectoparasites AKA External Parasites
Definition
Commonly include: flease, ticks, lice, mange mites, and bot flies.
Term
CFD: Lyme Disease
Definition
If a cat is bitten by a tick, they may contract Lyme disease.
Term
CFD: Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
Definition
Condition wehre the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and produces excess amount of thyroid hormone; the condition is often provoked by a benign tumor on one or both lobes of the thyroid gland. Thyroid tumors have a 2-5% chance of malignancy.
Term
CFD: Feline Obesity
Definition
Obesity can be secondary to age, physical environment, medications, hyperthyroidism, and Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism)
Term
CFD: Diabetes Mellitus
Definition
Can affet cats of any age, but is most common in older, obese cats-typically males. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1: insufficient insulin production
Type 2: body's inability to handle insulin effectively
Another type of diabetes, secondary diabetes, occurs as a side effect of drugs or disease
Term
Common Canine Diseases (CCD): Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)
Definition
Spread through the air and through contact with infected bodily fluids, it's a highly contagious neurologicacl disease that affects mostly dogs between 4 mo. and 4 yrs. If the dog survives they could live out the remainder of their life with neurological problems
Term
CCD: Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Definition
An acute liver infection in dogs caused by canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1), hepatitis is spread through the bodily fluids (mainly urine) of an infected canine.
Term
CCD: Leptospirosis
Definition
A bacterial zoonosis that is transmitted throught the bodily fluids of an infected animal and attacks the kidneys and liver. It can also be passed through water, food, soil, and bedding that is contaminated with urine, ingestion of infected tissue, and bites from infected small animals.
Term
CCD: Parainfluenza
Definition
A virus that produces a mild respiratory tract infection, parainfluenza is often associated with other respiratory infections such as "Kennel Cough." It's spread through the nasal discharge of an infected animal and is highly contagious because the virus is airborne
Term
CCD: Parvovirus
Definition
More often referred to as Parvo, is a highly contagious, potentially fatal, acute disease caused by a virus that attacks the lining of the small intestine of all canines. The disease is passed through the infected stool of one canine to another and is commonly present in animal shelters
Term
CCD: "Kennel Cough" or Infectious Tracheobronchitis
Definition
Extremely contagious airborne infection of the upper respiratory tract, caused by the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica. Other causes are: Parainfluenza virus, Canine Adenovirus type II, and Distemper
Term
CCD: Rabies
Definition
Most dangerous of all animal diseases, Rabies is highly contagious. It is a zoonosis transmitted through the bite of an infected animal
Term
CCD: Dermatitis
Definition
Inflammation of the skin. Can be caused by allergies, excessive licking, parasites, and/or contact with poisonous plants or substances, diet, malnutrition, or a number or other factors.
Term
CCD: Glaucoma
Definition
An increase in fluid pressure (Intraocular preassur or IOP) insed the eye can by caused by injury or disease; must be treated immediately or dog may lose it's eye
Term
CCD: Pancreatitis
Definition
An inflammation of the pancreas. Diabetes, some medications and obesity also contribute to the chronic type of this condition.
Term
CCD: Ectoparasites, AKA External parasites
Definition
Skin parasites include fleas, mange mites, harvest mites, lice, ticks, blowfly maggots, and hookworm larvae, to name a few.
Term
CCD: Lyme Disease
Definition
Develops from the bite of the infected Common Deer Tick (Ixodes scapularis).
Term
CCD: Hot Spots, AKA Acute Moist Dermatitis
Definition
AKA 'pyotraumatic dermatitis' and are caused by the dog biting and chewing itself, leaving raw spots on their skin.
Term
CCD: Endoparasites, AKA Internal Parasites
Definition
Most common endoparasites (roundworms and tapeworms) can be transmitted to humans. Other endoparasites include whipworms, hookworms, Giardia canis, Babesia,Coccidia, and Toxoplasma gondii, hearworms, bladder worms, lungworms.
Term
CCD: Ear Problems
Definition
Canines with floppy trait ears (such as Cocker Spaniels) are not well-ventilated, so they are more prone to bacteria and yeast which encourage ear infections and parasites such as ear mites. Also foreign bodies can cause infections and can rupture the eardrum
Term
CCD: Cushing's Syndrome, AKA Hyperadrenocorticism
Definition
Condition characterized by on increase in glucocorticoids which are secreted by the adrenal glands.
Term
CCD: Anal Sac Impactions and Infections
Definition
The anal sacs are two glands located bilaterally on the sides of the opening of the anus. Once the anal sacs are expressed it must be done consistently or they will become impacted and possibly infected
Term
Etiology
Definition
Cause or origin ofa disease or disorder as determined by medical diagnosis
Term
Decubitus ulcer
Definition
A pressure sore (bed sore) or an open wound that develops in the skin and tissues over a bony prominence, can occure as a result of prolonged lying down
Term
Hypothermia
Definition
Abnormally decreased body temperature
Term
Hyperthermia
Definition
Abnormally increased body temperature
Term
Hepatic Lipidosis
Definition
Also known as fatty liver syndrome, hepatic lipidosis is a common syndrome characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver of cats
Term
Gavage
Definition
Introduction of nutritive material into the stomach by means of a tube, AKA force feeding
Term
Aspiration
Definition
Inhaling
Term
Aspiration Pneumonia
Definition
Inflammation of the lungs from inhalig foreign material
Term
Nasogastric tube
Definition
A tube passed through the nose, down the esophagus, and into the stomach. Used to administer liquid medications and food to some species of animals
Term
Pharyngostomy tube
Definition
A tube place surgically through the left side fo the pharynx, just behind the angle of the jaw that goes down the esophogus into the stomach
Term
Pathogen
Definition
An agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism such as a bacterium or fungus
Term
Endogenous-type of pathogen
Definition
Originating from within an organism, tissue, or cell
Term
Exogenous-type of pathogen
Definition
Coming from outside a system
Term
Flora
Definition
The collective bacteria and other mircrooganisms in an ecosystem
Term
Cutaneous exposure
Definition
Contact with the skin of an infected animal
Term
Pathogenisis
Definition
The development of a deseased or morbid condition
Term
Foot bath
Definition
1" of 1:30 chlorine bleach solution
Term
Intraperitoneal (IP)
Definition
The drug is injected into the abdomen where it is absorbed
Term
Intradermal (ID)
Definition
The drug is injected into the layers of the skin
Term
Intracardiac (IC)
Definition
The drug is injected directly into the heart
Term
Intraosseous
Definition
The drug is injected into bone cavity
Term
Epidural
Definition
Analgesics and anesthetics are injected into the epidural of the spine
Term
Intraarterial
Definition
The drug is injected directly into an artery
Term
Transdermal
Definition
through or by way of the skin
Term
Dorsolateral
Definition
Pertaining to the dorsum or back of an animal and his/her side
Term
Interscapular
Definition
The space over the back between the scapulas
Term
Scapulas
Definition
Over the shoulder blades (right or life side)
Term
Quadriceps
Definition
Group of muscles in front of the femur
Term
Lumbodorsal muscles
Definition
Just lateral to the spine
Term
Triceps
Definition
Located on the shoulder
Term
Hamstring
Definition
Groups of muscles located caudally on the proximal portion of the hind leg
Term
Iliac crests
Definition
The thickened and expanded bone rim at the upper border of the ilium
Term
Ilium
Definition
The bone making up the expansive superior portion of the hip bone
Term
Humerus
Definition
The long bone of the arm or forelimb, extending fromthe shoulder to the elbow
Term
Patency
Definition
The state or quality of being open, expanded, or unblocked pertaining to the catheter
Term
Swelling
Definition
An abnormal increase in size, as by inflation, distention, accumulation of fluids, or the like
Term
Inflammation
Definition
A localized protective reaction of tissure irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by the 5 cardinal signs: pain, heat, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function
Term
Pitting Edma
Definition
An accumulation of fluid under the skin which, when pressure is applied, leaves and indentation
Term
Hematoma
Definition
A localized collection of blood whicch may or may not be clotted
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of a vein, often occuring int he legs and involving the foramtion of a thrombus, charcterized by swelling, pain, and change of skin color
Term
Infusion pump
Definition
Infuses fluids, medication or nutrients into a patient's circulatory system. It is generally used intravenously, although subcutaneous, arterial and epidual infusions are occasionally used
Term
Bolus
Definition
The administration of a drug, medication or other substance in the form of a single, large dose
Term
Regular or Macrodrip set
Definition
Usually delivers 10 to 15 drops of fluid per 1 mL
Term
Microdrip set
Definition
Delivers approximately 60 drops per 1 mL (used for patients under 20 pounds)
Term
Formula to figure drops per minute
Definition
Total infusion volume (mL) x drops/mL / Total infusion time (min)
Term
IV splint
Definition
This device is made specifically for the purpose of extending the foreleg of patients on IV fluids
Term
Thomas splint
Definition
A splint extenging the full length of the limb, holding the limb in a fixed position and transferring body weight from the limb to the splint
Term
Mason Meta Spling
Definition
A spoon shaped device used to splint the metatarsus or metacarpal bones in animals
Term
Metatarsal bones
Definition
Cats and dogs have 5 metatarsal bones in the rear legs that are proximal to the Metatarsal-phalangeal joint
Term
Metacarpal bones
Definition
Cats and dogs have 5 metacarpal bones in the front legs that are proximal to the Metacarpophalangeal joint
Term
Euthanasia
Definition
The act or practice of killing hopelessly sick or injured individuals in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy
Term
Keratin
Definition
A tough, insoluble protein substance that is the chief structural consituent of hair, nails, horns, and hooves
Term
Ungual process
Definition
The bony projection over which the nail or claw arises; the ungula process also contains blood and never supply
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