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SLHS 3116 EXAM 1 Respiratory
Respiratory System
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/12/2012

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Term
IRV
Definition
inspiratory reserve volume (air inspired beyond tidal inspiration)
Term
ERV
Definition
Expiratory Reserve Volume (air expired beyond tidal expiration)
Term
Vital Capacity
Definition
the volume of air that can be inspired after maximal expiration
TV+ERV+IRV
Term
Functional Residual Capacity
FRC
Definition
the air that remains in the body after passive exhalation.
Term
Total Lung Capacity
Definition
sum of all lung volumes
Term
Inspiratory capacity
IC
Definition
the volume that can be inspired from resting lung volume
Term
State
 the
 units
 of
 pressure
 and
 volume.
Definition
VOLUME: L or mL
Pressure: cm H2O
Term
Explain
 how
 pressure
 and
 volume
 are
 measured.
Definition
Volume: Spirometer
Pressure: U-tube manometer
Term
Alveolar Pressure
Definition
Alveolar Pressure: air pressure measured at the level of the alveolus in the lung
Term
subglottal pressure
Definition
pressure below the vocal folds
Term
intra oral pressure (mouth pressure)
Definition
air pressure measured within the mouth
Term
intra-pleural pressure
Definition
pressure measured within the pleural linings of the lungs
Term
atmospheric pressure
Definition
atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted on the earth by its atmosphere, and will be treated as a constant ZERO against which to compare respiratory pressures
Term
transdiaphramic pressure
Definition
difference between abdominal and alveolar pressure
Term
The Diaphragm points of attachment and what it does
Inspiration
Definition
Sternal Attachment:  Anterior
 Xiphoid process
Costal/Rib Attachment:
 Inner border of ribs 7 – 12 (and costal cartilages)
Vertebral Attachment:  LI-L4
What the diaphragm does, mainly, is increase the superior – inferior (vertical) dimension of the thorax.
Term
External Intercostals
Origin, insertion, action, course
Inspiration
Definition
Origin: Lower surface of each rib
(except 12th)
Insertion: upper surface of immediately lower rib
Course: Downward and inward
Action: Upward and outward movement of the rib cage
One of the most important inspiratory muscles for speech
Term
Internal Intercostals
Expiration
Definition
Main Expiratory muscle
Origin: Supr margin of rib
Insertion: Inferior surface of
rib above it
Action: Depressing the rib cage.
Term
Levatores Costarum: Brevis
Inspiration
Definition
12 muscles on the back of the rib cage wall
Origin: Starting at the 7th cervical vertebrae on each successive vertebra through T11
Insertion: Rib immediately below
Action: Ribs elevate
Term
Levatores Costarum: Longis
Inspiration
Definition
4 muscles on the back of the rib cage wall
Origin: Starting at the 7th thoracic vertebrae on each successive vertebra through T10 – 4 pairs
 Insertion: Rib after the one immediately below
 Action: Ribs elevate
Term
Serratus Posterior Superior
Inspiration
Definition
Posterior of the rib cage, on the upper portion
Origin: 7th cervical and 1st – 3rd thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: 2nd – 5th ribs (on the back side)
Action: Elevates the 2nd – 5th ribs in that region
Term
The Sternocleidomastoid
Inspiration
Definition
Origin: Bony skull behind ear
Insertion: - Sternal Head - Clavicular Head
Course: Downward and forward
Action: Elevates sternum and clavicle
elevates ribs
Term
The Scalenus
Inspiration
Definition
Anterior, Medial and Posterior Origin: Antr3- 6 cervical vertebrae MediusLower 6 cervical vertebrae PostrLower 3 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Antr and medius1st rib Postrsecond rib
Action: Elevation of the 1st and 2nd ribs respectively
Term
The Pectoralis Major
Inspiration
Definition
Fan shaped muscle Origin: humerus bone (arm)
Insertion: Upper costal cartilages, sternum (sternal head), inner half of clavicle (clavicular head)
Action: Outward movement of the ribs when the humerus is held in
place
Term
The Pectoralis Minor
Inspiration
Definition
Origin: Front surface of the scapula Insertion: Ribs 2 – 5 near costal cartilage Action: Elevates ribs 2 - 5
Term
Serratus Anterior
Inspiration
Definition
Side of the rib cage wall
Origin: The bottom front of the scapula
Insertion: Outer surface of ribs 1 through 9
Action: Elevation of upper ribs when scapula is held in place
Term
Subclavius
Inspiration
Definition
Origin: Underside of clavicle
Insertion: Junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Action: Elevates 1st rib
Term
Transversus Thoracis
Definition
Fan shaped muscle on the inside front wall of rib cage
Origin: Middle part of lower sternum
 Insertion: Inner surface of ribs 2 –6
 Action: Lowers ribs 2 – 6.
Term
Subcostals
Definition
Lower portion of the rib cage wall, on the posterior side.
 Origin: Inner surface of ribs near the vertebrae  Insertion: Inner surface of rib immediately or a few ribs above  Action: Depresses ribs into which they are inserted
Term
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Definition
Origin: T11-T12; L1 – L3
 Insertion: Lower borders of ribs 9 – 12 (text says lower 5)
 Action: Depresses lower four ribs
Term
Rectus Abdominis
Definition
Midline muscles in the Abdomen (rectus = rectangular)
Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Xiphoid process of sternum, and cartilage of Ribs 7– 10
Action: Pulls ribs downward and
abdominal wall inward
Term
Transversus Abdominis
Definition
Origin: Near the vertebral column posteriorly
 Insertion: Upper surface of coxal bone, costal cartilages of ribs6–12
 Action: Reduces abdominal volume
Term
Internal Oblique Abdominis
Definition
Origin: Upper surface of the coxal bone
 Insertion: Lower 3-4 ribs and aponeurosis
 Action: Similar to external obliques
Term
External Oblique Abdominis
Definition
Origin: Upper surface of coxal bone, and abdominal aponeurosis
 Insertion: Lower borders of lower 7 ribs
 Action: Pulls ribs downward and abdominal wall inward
Term
State muscles that expand the lungs/rib cage in the A-P Dimensions
Definition
External interCostals
The Pectoralis Major
Rectus Abdominis
Transversus Abdominis
Internal and External Obliques
Term
abdominal pressure:
Definition
pressure exerted by abdominal contents
Term
State
 differences
 between
 tidal
 breathing
 and
 speech
 breathing
 in
 terms
  of:
Volume  of
 air
 exchanged
Definition
volume of air exchanged: ~10% VC quiet
volume of air exchanged: ~ 20 – 25% VC speech
Term
Tidal Breathing: cycles per minute
Definition
12-18 cycles per minute
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