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Skull Bones, Foramen, and couple skull joints(13). ex. 10
Skull bones, foramen, and TMJ joint
94
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/01/2011

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Term
The Skull (2 parts)
Definition
(1) Cranial Vault or Calvaria (2) Cranial Floor or base
Term
Cranial Vault (Calvaria)
Definition
forms the superior, lateral and posterior walls of the skull
Term
Cranial Floor (Base) and 3 distinct concavities
Definition
forms skull bottom. (1) Anterior, (2) Middle, and (3) Posterior Fossae; in which the brain sits completely enclosed by the cranial by the cranial vault
Term
Frontal Bone
Definition
Anterior Portion of cranium; forehead, superior part of orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa
Term
Supraorbital foramen (notch)
Definition
opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass
Term
Glabella
Definition
smooth area between the eyes
Term
Temporal Bone
Definition
inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull. 4 major regions: 1) squamous 2) tympanic 3) mastoid 4) petrous
Term
Squamous Region
Definition
abuts the parietals, relatively flat and vertical; 3 major features: 1) zygomatic process 2) mandibular fossa 3) squamous suture
Term
Tympanic Region
Definition
small ring of bone surrounding external ear opening; 2 features: 1) External acoustic meatus 2) stylomastoid foramen
Term
External Acoustic (auditory) meatus
Definition
opening into the ear canal
Term
Styloid Process
Definition
pointed spine on interior surface of external acoustic meatus; provides attachment for muscles of tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone
Term
Mastoid Region
Definition
area posterior to ear (tympanic region); 2 features: 1) Mastoid Process 2) stylomastoid foramen
Term
Mastoid Process
Definition
lump behind earlobe; attachment site for muscles; filled with air cavities which can become infected (mastoiditis)
Term
Stylomastiod foramen
Definition
tiny opening between the mastoid and styloid processes through which cranial nerve VII leaves the cranium
Term
Petrous Region
Definition
lateral portion of skull base; seen in cranial floor like little mountain range separating the middle crainial fossa from the posterior fossa; houses middle and inner ear cavities
Term
Jugular foramen
Definition
Opening medial to the styloid process through which the internal jugular vein (drains from brain) and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI pass
Term
Carotid Canal
Definition
Opening medial to the syloid process through which the internal corotid artery passes into the cranial cavity
Term
Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus
Definition
opening on posterior aspect (petrous region) of temporal bone allowing passage of cranial nerves VII and VIII.
Term
Foramen lacerum
Definition
jagged opening between the petrous temporal bone and the sphenoid providing passage for a number of small nerves and for the internal carotid artery to enter the middle cranial fossa (after passes through part of temp. bone)
Term
Parietal Bone
Definition
posterolateral to the frontal bone, forming sides of cranium; features 1) Sagittal suture 2) Coronal suture
Term
Sagittal Suture
Definition
midline articulation point of the two parietal bones
Term
Coronal Suture
Definition
point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone
Term
Occipital Bone
Definition
most posterior bone of cranium; forms floor and back wall. Joins sphenoid bone anteriorly via its narrow basiooccipital region.
Term
Lambdoid Suture
Definition
articulation site of occipital bone and parietal bones
Term
Foramen magnum
Definition
large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain
Term
Occipital condyles
Definition
rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
Term
Hypoglossal canal
Definition
opening medial and superior to the occipital condyle through which the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) passes
Term
Superior Nuchal Line
Definition
ridge that can be traced horizontally from from external occipital protuberance toward mastoid process. Provides superior limit of the neckneck and proivides attachment for some of the dep neck muscles
Term
Inferior Nuchal Line
Definition
deeper than superior nuchal line; provides attachement for some of the deep neck muscles.
Term
External occipital protuberance
Definition
large bump on back of head; attachement for nuchal ligament, which binds skull to so vertebral column
Term
External occipital crest
Definition
ridge extending downward from external occipital protuberance toward foramen magnum
Term
Ethmoid Bone
Definition
irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid. Forms roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and part of the medial orbit walls.
Term
Crista galli
Definition
vertical projection from ethmoid providing a point of attachment for the dura mater, helping to secure brain within skull
Term
Cribriform plate
Definition
bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa. The cribriform plates and the midline crista galli form the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone.
Term
Perpendicular plate
Definition
inferior projection of the ethmoid that forms the superior part of the nasal septum
Term
Lateral masses
Definition
irregularly shaped and thin-walled bony regions flanking the perpendicular plate laterally. Their lateral surfaces (orbital plates) shape part of the medial orbit wall
Term
Superior and Middle nasal conchae (turbinates)
Definition
thin, delicately coiled plates of bone extending medially from the lateral masses of the ethmoid into the nasal cavity. Make air flow through nasal cavity more efficient (turbulance) and greatly increase the surface area of the mucosa that covers them. increases ability to warm and humidify air.
Term
Spheniod bone
Definition
Bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull; Keystone of cranium as it articulates with with all other cranial bones.
Term
Greater wings
Definition
portions of the sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and forming a part of the eye orbits.
Term
Superior orbital fissure
Definition
jagged openings in orbits providing passage for cranial nerves III, IV, and VI to enter the orbit where they serve the eye.
Term
Sella turcica (Turk's saddle)
Definition
a saddle-shaped region in the sphenoid midline. The seat of this saddle is called the hypophyseal fossa.
Term
Hypophyseal fossa
Definition
surrounds the pituitary gland (hypophysis); seat of Sella Turcica (Turk's Saddle)
Term
Dorsum sella
Definition
posterior margin of the Sella turcica
Term
Tuberculum sella
Definition
raised anterior margin of the Sella turcica
Term
Lesser wings
Definition
bat-shaped portions of the sphenoid anterior to the sella turcica
Term
Optical canal
Definition
openings in the bases of the lesser wings through which the optic nerves enter the orbits to serve the eyes
Term
Foramen rotundum
Definition
opening lateral to the sella turcica providing passage for a branch of the fifth cranial nerve (not visible from inferior view of skull).
Term
Foramen ovale
Definition
opening posterior to the sella turcica that allows passage of a branch of the fifth cranial nerve.
Term
Chiasmatic groove
Definition
a narrow transverse groove that lies near the front of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone, iscontinuous with the optic foramen, and houses the optic chiasma called also optic groove
Term
Foramen lacerum
Definition
a jagged opening between the petrous temporal bone and the sphenoid providing passage for a number of small nerves and for the internal carotid artery to enter the middle cranial fossa.
Term
Foramen spinosum
Definition
provides passage for an artery of the meninges (diameter of pencil lead)
Term
Pterygoid processes
Definition
inferiorly directed trough-shaped projections from the junction of the body and the greater wings
Term
Mandible
Definition
the lower jawbone, articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints of the skull
Term
Mandibular body
Definition
horizontal portion; forms the chin
Term
Mandibular Ramus
Definition
vertical extension of the body on either side
Term
Mandibular condyle
Definition
articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
Term
Coronoid process
Definition
jutting anterior portion of the ramus; site of muscle attachment
Term
Mental foramen
Definition
prominent opening on the body (lateral to the midline) that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw.
Term
Mandibular foramen
Definition
prominent foramen on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus; find by opening lower jaw; permits passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation (mandibular branch of cranial nerve V) and is the site where the dentist injects Novocain for lower teeth
Term
Alveolar margin
Definition
superior margin of mandible; contains sockets in which teeth lie
Term
Mandibular symphysis
Definition
anterior median depression indicating point of mandibular fusion.
Term
Mylohyoid line
Definition
Extending upward and backward on either side from the lower part of the symphysis of the mandible is the mylohyoid line, which is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle
Term
Mandibular notch
Definition
u shaped arch between the condylar (mandibular condyle) and coronoid processes
Term
Mandibular angle
Definition
angle of mandible (jawbone) where ramus (vertical portion) and body (horizontal portion) meet
Term
Paranasal sinuses
Definition
for skull bones 1) maxillary 2) sphenoid 3) ethmoid and 4) frontal; contain sinuses (mucosa lined cavities) that lead into the nasal passages. Lighten facial bones and may act as resonance chambers for speech.
Term
Maxillary sinus
Definition
largest of the sinuses found in skull
Term
Sphenoid sinus
Definition
sinsuses in sphenoid area
Term
Ethmoid sinus
Definition
sinuses in ethmoid area
Term
Frontal sinus
Definition
sinuses in frontal area
Term
Wormian Bones
Definition
small 'extra' bones in the skull, also called sutural bones
Term
Structures composed of more than one bone
Definition
1) Orbit 2) Inferior orbital fissure 3) Hard palate 4) Nasal Septum
Term
Maxillae
Definition
two bones fused in a median suture; form the upper jawbone and part of the orbits. All facial bones join maxillae except mandible. Thus they are keystone bones of face.
Term
Alveolar margin
Definition
inferior and superior margin containing sockets (alveoli) in which teeth lie
Term
Palatine processes
Definition
form the anterior hard palate (roof of mouth); hard extensions of the maxilla which meet dedially in the intermaxillary suture.
Term
infraorbital foramen
Definition
opening under the orbit carring the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region.
Term
incisive foramen/fossa
Definition
large bilateral opening located posterior to the central incisor tooth of the maxilla and piercing the hard palate; transmits the nasopalatine arteries and blood vessels
Term
Lacrimal Bone
Definition
fingernail-sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid. Each pierced by a fossa. Smallest bones of skull.
Term
Lacrimal Fossa
Definition
opening in the lacrimal bones, which serve as a passageway for tears; during life contains a lacrimal sac that collects tears and drains them into nasal cavity
Term
Palatine bone
Definition
paired bones (horizonal plate and vertical plate "L" shape) posterior to the palatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit; meet medially at the median palatine suture.
Term
Greater palatine foramen
Definition
nerve passage to the palate that pierces the horizontal plates of palatine bones
Term
Zygomatic bone
Definition
Cheek bone (anteriorly)
Term
Nasal Bone
Definition
form the bridge of the nose and support cartilages that shape its lower portion
Term
Inferior Nasal conchae
Definition
largest of three conchae in nasal cavity (superior and middle are part of ethmoid bone)
Term
Vomer
Definition
forms the inferior half of the nasal septum. Means "plowshare" - resemblance to blade of plow. (Superior portionof septum formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bon).
Term
Hyoid bone
Definition
Slender U-shaped bone between the chin and larynx. One of the few bones that does not articulare with any other. Suspended from the styloid processes of the skull, like a hammock.
Term
Sutures
Definition
sutures of the cranium
Term
Sagittal
Definition
separate two sagittal bones, anteriorly meets coronal suture and posteriorly meets lambdoid suture
Term
Coronal (frontal)
Definition
suture between frontal and parietall bones
Term
Squamous (temporal)
Definition
surrounds temportal plate touching occipital, parietal, and sphenoid bones
Term
Lambdoidal
Definition
between occipital, temporal, and parietal bones
Term
Temporomandibular Joint
Definition
(TMJ) articulates temporal bone (inf. Surface of squamous region) of skull and mandible (condyle of mandible). Just anterior to ear. diarthrotic; gliding and uniaxial rotation, slight lateral movement, elevation , depression, protraction, and retraction of mandible
Term
Mandibular fossa
Definition
posterior of TMJ
Term
Mandibular condyle
Definition
egg-shaped condyle of the mandible that articulates with the inferior surface of the squamous region of the temporal bone.
Term
TMJ (IMAGE)
Definition
[image]
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