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| the skin and its accessory organs |
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| a tough, insoluble protein found in tissues such as hair, nails, and epidermis of the skin |
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| cutaneous sensory receptors |
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| part of the nervous system; located in the skin; include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain receptors |
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| stratified squamous epithelium that is capable of keratinizing |
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| mostly dense connective tissue; deep layer of the skin |
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| interstitial fluid accumulated in the cavity between the layers of epidermis and dermis |
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| hypodermis/ subcutaneous tissue |
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beneath the skin; essentially adipose tissue; not part of the skin, but anchors the skin to underlying organs
serves as a shock absorber and insulates the deeper tissues from extreme body temperature changes occurring outside the body
Responsible for breasts and hips on females |
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| produce keratin; most cells of the epidermis |
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| deepest cell layer of the epidermis; lies closest to the dermis and is connected to it along a wavy borderline; contains epidermal cells that receive the most adequate nourishment; constantly undergoing cell division; aka stratum germinativum |
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| clear epidermal layer; only on palms and soles; accumulating keratin inside them, secreting a water-repellent glycolipid into the extracellular space, and their increasing distance from the blood supply |
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| 3/4 of epidermal thickness; completely filled with keratin; cornified or horny cells; dead cell remnants |
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| stratum corneum rubbing off produces this |
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| pigment that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black |
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| produce melanin; spider-shaped cells found in stratum basale |
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| membrane-bound granules that accumulate melanin; move to ends of the spidery arms of the melanocytes, where they are taken up by nearby keratinocytes |
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| upper dermal region; uneven and has dermal papillae |
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| peg-like projections from superior surface of papillary layer; indent epidermis; contain capillary loops, which furnish nutrients to epidermis |
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| deepest dermal layer; contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and Pacinian corpuscles |
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| responsible for dermis toughness; attract and bind water and thus help to keep the skin hydrated |
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| give skin it's elasticity |
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| in stratum corneum and subcutaneous tissue; orange-yellow pigment |
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| blue skin; during heart failure and sever breathing disorders |
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| redness; fever, hypertension, inflammation |
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| blanching; emotional stress, anemia, or low blood pressure |
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| yellow cast; liver disorder in which excess bile pigments are absorbed into the blood, circulated throughout the body, and deposited in body tissues |
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| blood has escaped from circulation and has clotted in the tissue spaces; hematomas; vitamin C deficiency or hemophilia |
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| cutaneous glands, hair and hair follicles, and nails |
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| oil glands; all over skin except palms and soles; ducts empty into hair follicle |
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| product of sebaceous glands; mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells; lubricant that keeps the skin soft and moist |
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| cradle cap; caused by hyperactivity of sebaceous glands; begins on scalp as pink, raised lesions |
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| clear secretion plus some salts, vitamin C, metabolic wastes, and lactic acid |
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| produces hair; flexible epithelial structure |
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| part of the hair enclosed in the follicle |
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| part projecting from the surface of the scalp or skin |
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| bulky layer surrounding hair medulla |
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| single layer of cells that surround cortex; overlap one another like shingles on a roof |
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| inner hair follicle; epithelial tissue; forms hair |
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| outer hair follicle; dermal connective tissue; supplies blood vessels to epidermal portion and reinforces it |
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| part of hair follicle; provides the blood supply to matrix in the hair bulb |
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| small bands of smooth muscle cells that connect each side of the hair follicle to the dermal tissue |
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| scalelike modification of the epidermis |
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| an itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from fungus infection; aka tinea pedis |
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| fever blisters; small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by herpes simplex infection; this virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve,where it remains dormant until activated by emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation |
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| itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering; caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that provoke allergic responses |
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| tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation, or certain chemicals |
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| inadequate circulation of blood caused by low blood volume |
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| only the epidermis is damaged; the area becomes red and swollen; temporary discomfort; heal in two to three days |
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| injury to the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis; the skin is red and painful; blisters appear |
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| first-degree burns and second-degree burns |
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| destroy the entire thickness of the skin; aka full-thickness burns; the burned area appears blanched or blackened |
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