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Skin and Integument
Skin and Integument
38
Anatomy
3rd Grade
05/17/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the steps of tissue preparation?
Definition

Felix Died Eating Sushi and Maki

 

Fixation

Dehydration

Embedding

Sectioning

Mounting

Term
Describe fixation
Definition
Using chemicals to preserve the normal structure of the tissue
Term
Describe dehydration
Definition

replacing the tissue water with increasing concentrations of alcohol.

Make transparent with xylene

Term

 

What is the role of xylene?

Definition
Make the tissue transparent
Term
Describe embedding.
Definition
Infiltrate tissue with parafin
Term
Describe sectioning
Definition
Slicing the tissue into thin slices
Term
Describe mounting
Definition
placing sections on glass slides with coverslip and staining them
Term
What are the two types of stain?
Definition

Hematocyanin (Basic, Blue)

Eosin (Acidic, Red)

Term
List the basic tissue types
Definition
Epithelium, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
Term
How many types of epithelium are there?
Definition

Surface

Glandular (Exocrine, Endocrine)

Term
What are the three main types of microscopy?
Definition

Light microscope

SEM

TEM

Term
Whats the difference between SEM and TEM?
Definition

SEM- surface features are highly detailed

TEM- internal organelles in high resolution

Term
What are the main characteristics of epithelium?
Definition

closely adhering cells (tight junctions)

avascular

supported by CT

Term
What are the functions of epithelium?
Definition

protection of underlying organs and structures

transport material between tissues and organs

Absorbtion

Term
What are the two types of surface epithelium?
Definition

endothelium (lines vessels, and lymphatics)

mesothelium (lines pleural, pericardial, and preitoneal cavity)

Term
How can epithelium be classified?
Definition

Number of layers: simple vs stratified

Shape of cells: columnar, cuboidal, squamous

Keratinized vs non-keratinized

Term
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
Definition
blood vessel lining
Term
Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?
Definition
Kidney tubules
Term
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Definition
lining digestive tract
Term
What are the characteristics of pseudostratified epithelium?
Definition

appears stratifued, but all cells touch B.M

Contain tufts of microvilli/cilia

Term
Describe the surface polarity of an epithelia
Definition

Apical-side facing surface (lumen)

Lateral side- side that contains junctions. separates basal from apical.

Basal surface- omteracts wotjbasal lamina (b.M)

 

Term
what is transitional epithelium?
Definition
contain dome cells which can stretch and relax to change conformation
Term
Describe the structure of microvilli
Definition

Cytoplasmic projections into the apical surface

Bundles of actin are held together by fimbrin

Actin filaments attached to microvilli surface by villin

Actin filaments atttached to basement membrane by spectrin


Term
Describe the structure of microvilli
Definition

motile hair-like projections that aid particle movement

Composed of axonene or basal body MT arrangement

Term
What is axonene arrangement?
Definition
2x9 microtubule pairs with a central core of 2 (one pair
Term
What is basal body arrangement?
Definition
3x9 MT arrangement without a core
Term
What are two types of anchoring junctions?
Definition

zonula adherens

macula adherens

Term
What are tight junctions?
Definition
regions of the lateral membrane that prevent cell-cell transport
Term
What are gap junctions?
Definition
Aggregation of small channels on the lateral surface to encourage cell-cell transport
Term
What are macula adherens?
Definition
Zones of intertwining intermediate filaments shared between neiighboring cells
Term
What are zonula adherens?
Definition
a belth\-like junction that maintains connection with surrounding cells
Term
What is the connective tissue supporting an epithelial gland called?
Definition
stroma
Term
What is parenchyme?
Definition
the functional unit of an epithelial gland
Term
Whats the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Definition

Exocrine glands have a duct connecting gland to surface (lumen)

Endocrine glands have lost connection to surface, secretions released to blood

Term
How can you classify exocrine glands?
Definition

MUNDG

  1. Unicellular vs multicellular
  2. Nature of secretion
  3. Mode of secretion
  4. Duct shape
  5. Gland shape
Term
What are the modes of secretion? Define
Definition

Holocrine-secretory cell matures and dies--becomes part of secretion

Merocrine- Secretory vesicle contain secretion fuses with membrane and release product

Apocrine-cell releases cytoplasm-containing secretion

 

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