Term
| The skull consists of the bones of the ___, ___, and ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the external bones of the cranium, from caudal to rostral: |
|
Definition
occipital
interparietal
parietal
temporal
frontal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the skull that surrounds the brain |
|
|
Term
| List the external bones of the face, from rostral to caudal: |
|
Definition
incisive
nasal
maxillary
lacrimal
zygomatic
mandible |
|
|
Term
| List the bones of the ear, from outside to inside: |
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Definition
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Term
| The vertical part of the mandible is called the ___. The horizontal part is the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The zygomatic bone can also be called the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| "Malar" refers to what bone? |
|
Definition
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Term
| How does the eye orbit different in herbiores vs carnivores? |
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Definition
| In herbivores, the eye is completely surrounded by a bony orbit. In carnivores, the bony part is incomplete to allow for the temporalis muscle. |
|
|
Term
| A vertebrae has __ processes. What are they? |
|
Definition
7:
1 spinal
2 transverse
4 articular |
|
|
Term
| How many processes are on the mandible? |
|
Definition
3:
coronoid
articular / condyloid
angular |
|
|
Term
| Which cervical vertebrae have names, and what are they? |
|
Definition
C1 atlas / "yes"
C2 axis / "no"
C6 sled |
|
|
Term
| Classic features of thoracic vertebrae: |
|
Definition
-articular facets
-2 fovea |
|
|
Term
| What is the temporal fossa? |
|
Definition
| Part of the parietal bone where temporal muscle attaches. Rough on carnivores. |
|
|
Term
| Herbivores have an additional process that makes up the "cheekbone." What is it? |
|
Definition
| zygomatic process of frontal bone |
|
|
Term
| In carnivores, what attaches to the tiny zygomatic process of the frontal bone? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Difference in the parietal and frontal bones between herbivors and carnivores? |
|
Definition
| Herbs have large frontal, small parietal because of head butting. Carnivores have large parietal, small frontal. |
|
|
Term
| What comprises the bony orbit of herbivores? |
|
Definition
-temporal process of zygomatic
-zygomatic process of temporal
-zygomatic process of frontal
CHECK WITH ACTUAL SKULL |
|
|
Term
| The axial skeleton is comprised of: |
|
Definition
skull
hyoid apparatus
vertebral column
thorax |
|
|
Term
| How many cervical vertebrae are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many thoracic vertebrae are there? |
|
Definition
| 13, except horses have 18 |
|
|
Term
| The spinal ends where? What is it called? |
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Definition
| articulation of last two lumbar vertebrae, "cauda equina" |
|
|
Term
| The mandible articulates with the ____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the temporal fossa? |
|
Definition
| rough surface on parietal bone where temporalis attaches |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the rough surface of the parietal bone? Why is it there? |
|
Definition
| temporal fossa, temporalis attaches |
|
|
Term
| What species have interparietal bones? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone protects the nasal canal from lateral injury? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Holes in the maxillary bone are called: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What passes through the infraorbital foramen? |
|
Definition
| nerve, artery for upper gums and teeth, including incisive |
|
|
Term
| Where might you insert a needle to apply a nerve block for upper dental extractions? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the smooth indentation on the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus? Why is it there? |
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Definition
| massateric fossa; masseter attaches here |
|
|
Term
| What part of the lower jaw is part of the TMJ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to fix a Fx mandibular symphesis? |
|
Definition
| fix with wire behind canines, under tongue |
|
|
Term
| What feature on the mandible is only found in carnivores? What is it for? |
|
Definition
| angular process; attaches to muscles that open the jaw wide |
|
|
Term
| Where is the hyoid apparatus situated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of the hyoid process? |
|
Definition
| pull tongue back, larynx up to swallow |
|
|
Term
| Main features of the different vertebrae: |
|
Definition
C- square
T- long dorsal spine, no transverse processes, 2 fovea
L- blocky, long transverse processes, smaller dorsal spines
S- fused together
Cy- tinier |
|
|
Term
Technical name for the "yes" joint:
The "no" joint? |
|
Definition
Yes: occipitoatlantal
No: atlantoaxial |
|
|
Term
| How many ribs do dogs and cats have? Horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The highest dorsal spine of the T vert usually is near... |
|
Definition
| shoulder blades (withers) |
|
|
Term
| The anticlinal vertebrae is usually ___ in carnivores. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dogs usually have ___ lumbar vertebrae, whereas horses usually have ___. |
|
Definition
dogs: 7
horses: 6 (some Arabians 5) |
|
|
Term
| The first T vert is usually ___ the scapula. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the thorax? (name its boundaries) |
|
Definition
| bony cavity formed by the sternum ventrally, ribs and costal cartilages laterally, and the T vert dorsally |
|
|
Term
| What are the basic shapes the sternum can have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three parts of the sternum: |
|
Definition
| manubrium, sternebrae, xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
| The ribs have ___ areas of articulation with the T vert. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ribs: True vs False vs Floating |
|
Definition
True: articulate w/sternum
False: articulate with costal cartilage
Floating: articula w/nothing |
|
|
Term
| How many floating ribs does the dog have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area where two costal cartilages meet |
|
|
Term
| The 5th intercostal space is between ribs __ and __. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the borders of the thoracic inlet? |
|
Definition
C7/T1 dorsally
1st ribs laterally
manubrium ventrally |
|
|
Term
Describe the sternums of the following animals:
dog
cat
horse
ruminant |
|
Definition
dog: bumpy, mostly flat
cat: slight razor edge, mostly flat
horse: keel-shaped; can't lay flat on chest
ruminant: mostly flat, can lay flat |
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|
Term
| The horse's scapula lacks ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Technical name of the cannon bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Technical name of the fetlock? |
|
Definition
metacarpophalangeal joint
metatarsophalangeal joint |
|
|
Term
| The joint just above the cannon is called... |
|
Definition
carpo-metacarpal joint
tarso-metatarsal joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximal row of the carpus all the way down |
|
|
Term
| What are the phalanges called in the horse? |
|
Definition
| long / short pastern, coffin bone |
|
|
Term
| What muscles surround the equine cannon bone? |
|
Definition
| None! No muscles below the knee or hock in the equine!! |
|
|
Term
| Name the "sling" muscle which attaches the thoracic limb to the body: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles attach to the lateral surface of the scapula? |
|
Definition
supraspinatus muscle
infraspinatus muscle |
|
|
Term
| On the scapula, there are two smooth, flat surfaces on either spine of the scapular spine. These are called: |
|
Definition
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa |
|
|
Term
| In the equine, what joint is below the shoulder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the equine, what joint is between the brachium and antebrachium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the equine, what joint is between the antebrachium and the knee? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MP: metacarpophalangeal joint
PIP: proximal interphalangeal joint
DIP: distal interphalangeal joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deterioration of the supraspinatus or infraspinatus muscles in the horse, usu. due to an ill-fitting collar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerves run medially on scapula and innervate muscles under the acromion, but horses have no acromion process to protect them; ill-fitting collars can dig into the nerve and damage it, also fence/stall trauma |
|
|
Term
| Cats have an extra feature in the shoulder called the... |
|
Definition
| suprahamate process (on the scapula); near acromion but points caudally |
|
|
Term
| The olecranon fossa is on the ___ surface of the ___. |
|
Definition
| dorsal surface of humerus |
|
|
Term
| What fits into the olecranon fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The olecranon fossa is on what bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Supination: bringing palm medically (licking soup from paw)
Pronation: bringing palm laterally (steering) |
|
|
Term
| From proximal to distal, the radius goes from __ to __ (sides of body). |
|
Definition
| Prox-Dist goes lateral to medial |
|
|
Term
| From proximal to lateral, the ulna goes from __ to __ (sides of body). |
|
Definition
| Prox-Lat goes somewhat medial to lateral; disappears distally in some spp |
|
|
Term
| In carnivores, the __ is always the longest bone in the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does the anconeal process take to ossify? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fx anconeal process is called: |
|
Definition
| un-united anconeal process |
|
|
Term
| The proximal row of carpal bones are referred to by ___, whereas the distal row bones are referred to by ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bones of the carpus/tarsus or metacarpus/metatarsal are named or numbered going from ___ to ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most lateral bone in the proximal row of the carpus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many phalanges are in the dewclaw? |
|
Definition
| Just two - dewclaws lack P2 |
|
|
Term
| A digit consists of what bones? |
|
Definition
| Three phalanges: P1 P2 P3 |
|
|
Term
| Most carnivores have (#) metacarpal bones. What is the exception? |
|
Definition
| 5 - some breeds are born without dewclaws |
|
|
Term
| What is a "sesamoid" bone? |
|
Definition
| free-standing bone that lies on a tendon and does not articulate with any other bones |
|
|
Term
| How many sesamoids are in the thoracic limb? |
|
Definition
2 in each metacarpophalangeal joint
(so 10 for animals with 5 digits, 2 for horses) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "hip bone," consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the heaviest bone in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the equine, what is the technical name of the stifle joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The patella sits in the ____ of the femur. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximal row of tarsus on down |
|
|
Term
| What is the circular mark on the head of the femur? |
|
Definition
| round ligament, attaches to pelvis |
|
|
Term
| What happens when the femur is dislocated? |
|
Definition
| usu. snaps round ligament, which then ossifies |
|
|
Term
| In the pes, the ___ is always lateral. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cruciates insert on which bone? How are they named? |
|
Definition
| tibia- named for where they insert |
|
|
Term
| What is the tibial crest? |
|
Definition
| not a real name - part of the tibial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| Technical name for the hock? |
|
Definition
| Calcaneal process - NOT simply "calcaneus" which refers to an entire tarsal bone |
|
|
Term
| The calcaneal process is always ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medial malleolus is on the ___ aspect of the ___. Where is the lateral malleolus? |
|
Definition
MM: medial aspect of the tibia
LM: on fibula |
|
|
Term
| The cruciates cross in front of what joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of the cruciates? |
|
Definition
| stabilize cr/cd movement of stifle |
|
|
Term
| The origin of the cruciates is one the ___ surface of the ___. |
|
Definition
| inner surface of femoral condyles |
|
|
Term
cranial cruciate ligament
origin, insertion |
|
Definition
origin: medial surface of lateral condyle of femur
insertion: cranial aspect of tibia |
|
|
Term
caudal cruciate ligament
origin, insertion |
|
Definition
origin: lateral surface of medial condyle of femur
insertion: caudal aspect of tibia |
|
|
Term
| The collateral ligaments originate on the ___ and insert at the ___. |
|
Definition
| originate on femur, insert on tib/fib |
|
|
Term
lateral collateral ligament
origin, insertion |
|
Definition
origin: lateral condyle of femur
insertion: lateral fibula |
|
|
Term
| medical collateral ligament origin, insertion |
|
Definition
| origin: medial condyle of femur insertion: tibia |
|
|
Term
| Which collateral ligament can be called the "fibular" collateral ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
