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Skeletal Tissue (Connective Tissue)
Connective Tissue
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
08/28/2013

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Cards

Term
Describe the basic characteristics of cartilage
Definition
Chondrocytes, matrix, perichondrium, nonvascular
Term
Chondrocytes
Definition
Cartilage cells that are stiff and between
Term
Matrix
Definition
Intracellular matrix

A. Jelly like substance (glycoproteins=protein + CHO)
B. Collagen- protein that makes is strong
C. Elastic fibers- Stretchy
Term
Perichondrium
Definition
Wrapper, envelope, around cartilage
Term
Nonvascular
Definition
no blood flow, slows down healing, relies on surroundings for nutrients
Term
3 types 3 basic Cartilage types
Definition
1. Hyaline-Most common
2. Elastic-not very common
3. Fibrocartilage-collage, strongest of all
Term
Hyaline
Definition
1. Numerous chondrocytes
2. Joints, nose, throat, trachea, ribs, embryo

Most Common
Term
Elastic
Definition
Epiglottis, pinna, Eustachian tube, and ear
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
Intervetral disc, symphysis pubis

Braided smooth collagen
Strongest of all
Term
Describe the Composition of Bone
Definition
Connective Tissue
1. Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
2. Matrix
3. Very Vascular-lots and lots of blood vessels
4. Periosteum
5. general functions- support & protection, blood formation in bone marrow, storage, and movement
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Bone cells
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Bone Forming Cells
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Bone destroying cells (breaks down bone cells)
Term
Matrix-Intracellular substance
Definition
Calcium makes bone hard
A) calcium phosphate (2/3): most of bone matrix to provide hardness
B) Hydroxyapatite crystals-made of calcium and calcium carbonate
C) Collagen (1/3): some of bone matrix to provide strengtha
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Outer layer that covers bones, very rich in osteoblasts
Term
7 Parts of a Typical Long Bone
Definition
1. Dyaphysis
2. Epiphysis
3. Metaphysis
4. Articular Cartilage
5. Periosteum
6. Marrow=meullary cavity
7. Endosteum
Term
Dyaphysis
Definition
Shaft
Main body- long center part
Term
Epiphysis (epiphyses)
Definition
Ends of bone
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
NECK
Where the epiphyses and Diaphyses meet
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
Covers epiphysis-smooth hyaline cartilage
Term
Marrow=Medullary cavity
Definition
Inside of bone
Bone marrow either fat or red
Term
Endosteum
Definition
Lining envelope around the marrow cavity rich in osteoclasts
Term
Name the 2 types of bone according to the amount of interosseous space.
Definition
1. Compact Bone (Osteon)
2. Spongy= Cancellous
Term
Compact bone (osteon)
Definition
Really solid
not many spaces, really compact, really strong
Cylinders running up and down the bone
Term
Features of Osteon
Definition
1. Central (haversian) canal-center of each osteon, blood vessels
2. Perforating (Volkmann's) canal-In and out laterally to transfer
3. Lamellae-concentric rings (tree rings)
4. Osteocytes in lacunae
Term
Lacunae
Definition
Little hollowed out area where bone cell can be located
Term
Trabeculae
Definition
Little beams that cant withstand forces from many different directions but not as strong

Red bone marrow is found in-between this
Term
Ossification
Definition
Forming bone
Term
Intramembranous
Definition
Direct=Osteoblasts make bone
Term
Endochondral (epiphyseal plate)
Definition
indirect- First make cartilage then turns into bone
this happens in long bones as you growf
Term
Remodeling & Diameter Growth
Definition
Osteoclasts break down the bone from the center while osteoblasts found int he periosteum create more bone.
Term
4 Types of Bones according to shape
Definition
1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular
Term
Long
Definition
Femur
Term
Short
Definition
Carpals
Term
Flat
Definition
Scapula
Term
Irregular
Definition
Sphenoid
Term
Fissure
Definition
Cleft
Term
Facet
Definition
Small, flattened articular surface
Term
Foramen
Definition
Hole
Term
Meatus, cannal
Definition
Tunnel
Term
Fossa
Definition
General term for a depression
Term
Condyle
Definition
branch off the body beyond the angle
Term
How many Bones are there in an adult human skeleton
Definition
206
Term
Name the 2 main divisions of the human skeleton and the number of bones in each division
Definition
1. Axial Skeleton-80 bones
2. Appendicular Skeleton- 126 Bone, which includes girdles and appendages
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