Term
| 2 major constructions of the skeletal system |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. Functions of the skeletal system |
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Definition
1. support
2. protection
3. system of levers for muscles to move the body
4. storage of lipids and minerals
5. Red marrow is site for hematpoiesis (red blood cell formation) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bones that lie around the body's center of gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| bones of the limbs, or appendages |
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Term
| 3 types of skeletal cartilage |
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Definition
1. hyaline
2. elastic
3. fibrocartilage |
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Term
| hyaline cartilage (funtion and location) |
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Definition
Function: provides sturdy support/shape, with some resilience and give
Location: nose, connects ribs to sternum, covers most joints |
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Term
| elastic cartilage (function and location) |
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Definition
Function: provides shape and support, offers much more flexibility than hyaline and tolerates repeated bending
Location: external ear and epiglottis |
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Term
| Fibrocartilage (function and location) |
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Definition
Function: offers tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression
Location: intervertebral discs and knee joint |
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Term
| 2 types of osseous tissue (bone tissue) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| composed of small trabeculae (bars) bone, and lots of open space |
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Term
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Definition
1. long
2. short
3. flat
4. irregular |
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Term
| long bone characteristics |
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Definition
1. longer than they are wide
2. consist of a shaft with heads at either end
3. composted predominantly of compact bone
4. example: femur |
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Term
| short bone characteristics |
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Definition
1. cube shaped
2. consist of more spongy bone than compact bone
3. example: tarsals and carpals |
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Term
| flat bone characteristics |
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Definition
1. thin
2. two waferlike layers of compact bone, sandwhiching spongy bone
3. many are curved (bones of skull) |
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Term
| irregular bone characteristics |
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Definition
1. do not fall into any of the previous categories
2. example: vertebrae |
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Term
| function of bone markings |
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Definition
1. reveal where bones form joints with other bones
2. attachment point for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
3. passageway for blood vessels and nerve endings |
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Term
| 2 categories of bone markings |
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Definition
1. projections/processes: sites that grow out of bone and serve as attachment points for muscles to form joints
2. depressions/cavities: serve as conduits for blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
| 8 Projections for muscle and ligament attachment |
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Definition
1. tuberosity
2. crest
3. trochanter
4. line
5. tubercle
6. epicondyle
7. spine
8. process |
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Term
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Definition
| large, rounded projection, may be roughened |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow, prominent ridge of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest |
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Term
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Definition
| small rounded projection or process |
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Term
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Definition
| raised area on or above a condyle |
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Term
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Definition
| sharp, slender, often pointed projection |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 projections that help form joints |
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Definition
1. head
2. facet
3. condyle
4. ramus |
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Term
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Definition
| bony expansion carried on a narrow neck |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth, nearly flat articular surface |
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Term
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Definition
| rounded, articular projection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4. depression and openings for blood vessels and nerves |
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Definition
1. groove
2. fissure
3. foramen
4. notch |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| narrow, slit-like opening |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| indentation at the edge of a structure |
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Term
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Definition
1. meatus
2. sinus
3. fossa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bone cavity filled with air and lined with mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow, basin-like depression in a bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| periosteum and osteogenic layer |
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Definition
| fibrous membrane covering of bone, osteogenic layer is where osteoblasts and osteocyclasts are found |
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Term
| perforating (Sharpey's) fibers |
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Definition
| fibers from the periosteum that penetrate into bone |
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Term
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Definition
| end of long bone (thin layer of compact bone, enclosing spongy bone) |
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Term
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Definition
| covers epiphyseal surface in place of periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| thin area of hyaline cartilage that allows for longitudinal growth, only found in young animals. Become epiphyseal lines once bone is done growing. |
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Term
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Definition
| central cavity of bone shaft, storage place for yellow marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| adipose tissue inside medullary cavity, in infancy this area also involved in forming red blood cells, red marrow is found |
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Term
| red marrow (location in adults) |
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Definition
| epiphysis, occupying spaces between the trabeculae of spongy bone |
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Term
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Definition
1. lines the internal shaft of bones, lines medullary cavity
2. covers the trabeculae of spongy bones
3. lines canals of compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
| composition of spongy bone, forms a spiky, open network |
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Term
| how is bone tissue organized |
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Definition
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Term
| central (haversian) canal |
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Definition
| runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chambers that hold osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| lacunae that are arranged in concentric circles |
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Term
| osteon (Haversian system) |
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Definition
| a central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it |
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Term
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Definition
1. tiny canals radiating from the central canal to the lamella
2. forms a dense transportation network through the bone matrix, connecting all living bone cells to nutrient supply |
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Term
| perforating (Volkmann's) canals |
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Definition
| canals that run from the periosteum to the compact bone and marrow cavity at right angles to the shaft |
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