Term
| Describe the axial skeleton. |
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Definition
| composed of skull, spine, and thorax and functions as support and protection of the body, particularly the vital organs, and to serve as an attachment site for muscles |
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Term
| What is the function of the appendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
| serves as levers which limb muscles attach to in order to advance out bodies through space, to walk, run, change position, and interact with our environment |
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Term
| What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
| the axial skeleton is mainly for protection of vital organs while the appendicular skeleton is mainly for movement |
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Term
| What is the upper extremity composed of? |
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Definition
| the pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula), humerus, ulna & radius, and carpals, metacarpals, & phalanges |
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Term
| What is the function of the pectoral girdle? |
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Definition
| to anchor extremities to the axial skeleton |
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Term
| What is the pectoral girdle made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the pectoral girdle anchored to the axial skeleton and how is this beneficial? |
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Definition
| it is anchored by the one joint between the clavicle and sternum and is beneficial because it allows for great mobility |
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Term
| Describe how the clavicle looks. |
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Definition
| a long, curvy bone that is more cone shaped on the medial end and flat on its lateral end |
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Term
| What is the function of the clavicle? |
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Definition
| functions as a lateral strut that helps us maintain our upper posture and prevents a medial collapse of our shoulders |
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Term
| Why can a fractured clavicle be very dangerous? |
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Definition
| vital blood vessels and nerves pass through the bone |
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Term
Identify the clavicle.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the acromial and sternal end of the clavicle.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the scapula.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| How many fossae does the scapula have and where are they? |
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Definition
| four; one anterior, one lateral, and two posterior |
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Term
| What is the significance of the fossae on the scapula? |
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Definition
| a different muscle from the rotator cuff group resides in each fossa except the lateral glenoid fossa |
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Term
| Where and what is the acromion process? |
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Definition
| a flattened area that extends laterally and superiorly over the shoulder joint and articulates with the acromion of the clavicle to form a joint |
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Term
| Where and what is the coracoid process? |
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Definition
| a pointy area on the lateral edge of the superior anterior scapula that serves as an attachment site for 3 muscles |
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Term
| Where and what is the glenoid fossa? |
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Definition
| a very shallow cup in the ball and socket joint articulating with the proximal ball of the humerus |
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Term
| Why is the glenoid fossa so shallow? |
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Definition
| it allows for greater mobility, but also allows the shoulder to be dislocated |
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Term
| Where and what is the spine of the scapula? |
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Definition
| a prominent ridge that runs medial to lateral along the posterior side of the scapula, on a bit of an incline across |
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Term
| Where and what is the supraglennoid tubercle? |
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Definition
| a small projection situated superiorly to the spine of the scapula and the glenoid fossa and provides an attachment site for the biceps brachii |
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Term
| Where and what is the infraglenoid tubercle? |
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Definition
| a rough, triangular region inferior to the spine of the scapula and the glenoid fossa and provides an attachment site for the triceps brachii |
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Term
Identify the acromion process, coracoid process, subscapular process, and glenoid fossa
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, coracoid process, acromion process, and glenoid fossa
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the articulate upper extremity made of? |
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Definition
| arm (humerus), forearm (ulna and radius), and hand (carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges) |
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Term
| What is the general shape of the humerus? |
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Definition
| rounded head, long shaft, and distal portion with condyles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where and what is the capitulum? |
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Definition
| the lateral distal humeral condyle that articulates with the proximal end of the radius and allows you to rotate your forearm |
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Term
| Where and what is the trochlea? |
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Definition
| the medial distal humeral condyle that articulates with the proximal end of the ulna to form your door hinge like elbow joint |
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Term
| What is the job of the humeral neck? |
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Definition
| connects the head to the medial shaft |
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Term
| Where and what is the intertuberculer sulcus? |
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Definition
| a groove that runs anteriorly on the humerus and houses a long tendon from the biceps brachii muscle to the supraglenoid fossa |
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Term
| Where is the greater tubercle? |
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Definition
| on the lateral proximal side of the humerus |
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Term
| Where is the lesser tubercle? |
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Definition
| on the medial proximal side of the humerus |
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Term
| Where and what is the deltoid tuberosity? |
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Definition
| a large bump located laterally on the humerus and serves as an attachment site for the deltoid muscle |
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Term
| Where and what is the radial groove? |
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Definition
| a groove that runs posteriorly on the humerus and houses a radial nerve travels down the neck region to reach the triceps muscle |
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Term
| Why are humerus fractures so dangerous? |
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Definition
| bone fragments can damage the radial nerve that travels through the radial groove and cause weakness or paralysis of extensor muscles |
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Term
| Where and what are the medial and lateral epicondyles? |
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Definition
| large protrusions of the distal humerus which serve as common attachment sites for forearm muscles |
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Term
| What is the significance of the medial epicondyle? |
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Definition
| it helps guide and protect ulnar nerve; when it is bumped, a shooting tingling/pain travels down the ulnar side of the forearm (funny bone!) |
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Term
| Where and what is the olecranon fossa? |
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Definition
| a posteriorly located depression that accepts the associated processes from the ulna |
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Term
| Where and what is the coronoid process? |
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Definition
| an anteriorly located depression that accepts the associated processes from the radius |
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Term
Locate the humerus.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Locate the capitulum, trochlea, intertubercular sulcus, greater & lesser tubercle, deltoid tuberosity, radial groove, medial & lateral epicondyles, olecranon fossa, & coronoid fossa
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the medial bone of the forearm (pinky) |
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Term
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Definition
| the lateral bone of the forearm (thumb) |
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Term
| Where and what is the olecranon? |
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Definition
| a large protrusion on the posterior proximal side of the ulna (elbow) |
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Term
| Where and what is the trochlear notch? |
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Definition
| a large depression on the proximal ulna that accepts the trochlea of the distal humerus to form a hinge joint |
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Term
| Where and what is the coronoid process? |
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Definition
| located on the anterior proximal tip of the ulna and serves as an attachment point for a muscle that flexes the elbow |
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Term
| Where and what is the ulnar styloid process? |
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Definition
| the pointy distal end of the ulna that forms part of the wrist (bump on pinky side of wrist) |
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Term
| Where and what is the radial head? |
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Definition
| the disc shaped proximal end of the radius that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and ulna to form a pivot joint |
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Term
| What is the difference between the radial head and the ulnar head? |
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Definition
| the radial head is located on the proximal end while the ulnar head is located on the distal end |
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Term
| Where and what is the radial tuberosity? |
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Definition
| a large bump on the proximal side of the radius that serves as an attachment site for the biceps brachii muscle |
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Term
| Where and what is the radial styloid process? |
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Definition
| a projection located laterally and distally on the radius that serves as a ligamentus attachment site and helps to stabilize and keep the hand attached to the forearm |
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Term
| What is the interosseous membrane and what is its function? |
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Definition
| a membrane that connects long bones together and it creates more surface area for muscles to attach to, therefore stabilizing the bones together |
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Term
| How is the elbow joint formed? |
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Definition
| the two condyles of the humerus, the capitulum and medial epicondyle, articulate with the ulna and radius, while the trochlear notch on the ulna meets the trochlea of the humerus, and the radial head meets the rounded capitulum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Locate the radius.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Locate the olecranon, trochlear notch, coronoid process, and ulnar styloid process.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Locate the radial head, radial tuberosity, radial styloid process, and the interosseous membrane.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| How are your carpals (wrist) formed? |
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Definition
| articulations of the radius and ulna with the 8 marble-sized carpal bones |
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Term
| How is the pisiform bone different from the other carpals? |
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Definition
| is it classified as a sesmoid bone |
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Term
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Definition
| a round bone which is actually embedded inside tendons and ligaments |
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Term
| How many carpal bones are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the carpal bones called? |
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Definition
| scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate |
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Term
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Definition
| long bones of the hand which articulate at the proximal end with the distal end of the four carpals and their distal ends form the knuckles |
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Term
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Definition
| fingers! the thumb has only 2 phalanges, proximal and distal, while digits 2-5 have 3 phalanges, proximal, middle, & distal |
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Term
Locate the carpals.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Locate the metacarpals.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Locate the phalanges.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Locate the hamate, trapezium, lunate, pisiform, scaphoid, trapezoid, capitate, and triquestral bone.
[image] |
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Definition
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