Term
| function of pelvic girdle |
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Definition
| attachment of the pelvic appendages; supports weight of the body from the vertebral column; protects and supports the lower organs |
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Term
| bones that comprise pelvic girdle and type |
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Definition
| two (coxal) hip bones -- os coxae or innominate bones; during childhood--illium, ischium,pubis;fused in adult; replacement bones |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the great bone which makes a lateral half of the pelvis in mammals; hip bone; haunch bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a growing together of bones originally separate, as of the two pubic bones |
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Term
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Definition
| the space bound by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| weakly supported by a single skeletal element on each side of the body; these element usually separate but may articulate with each other or be joined by a bridge of cartilage |
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Term
| pelvic girdle of tetrapods |
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Definition
| 3 bones are constant in adult; embryos develop cartilaginous pelvic plate that ossifies at two centers: anterior pubis and posterior ischium; dorsal to pelvic plate gives rise to ilium |
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Term
| pelvic girdle of primitive amphibians |
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Definition
| solid triangle-shaped girdle;pubis with obturator foramen; pubis of modern amphibians is cartilaginous; one sacral vertebra |
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Term
| pelvic girdle of reptiles |
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Definition
| variable, but basically like labyrinthodonts; firmer contact with the spine; puboischiadic fenestrum usually present (alsocalled ischiopubic); two sacral vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| ilium and ischium greatly expanded and united with the synsacrum; no pelvic symphysis;usually three sacral vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| long and expanded ilium which extends forward from acetabulum; large obturator fenestrum represents both the obturator foramen and puboischiadic fenestrum of the ancestor; symphysis almost always present |
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Term
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Definition
| steering, rolling, braking, stabilzing, and to provide forward and vertical movement |
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Term
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Definition
| supported within body by a series of pterygiophers (radials); proximal piece often called a basal. There is a skeletal base that may be cartilaginous or bony. Fins of advanced fishes supported by a series of fin rays. Rays are covered with skin |
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Term
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Definition
| segmented, bony dermal scales |
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Term
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Definition
| cartilaginous, unsegemented fin support structures |
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Definition
| the bones or cartilages with which the base of the rays of median fins articulate; the conecting points for the dorsal and anal fin rays |
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Term
| paired fins of agnathan vertebrates |
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Definition
| no trace of paired appendages |
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Term
| paired fins of placoderms and acanthodians |
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Definition
| varied from stiff spines to hinged arms and multiples spines |
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Term
| paired fins of chondrichthyes |
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Definition
| internal skeleton with series of radials and heavy basals; if there are 3 basals: pro, meso, and metapterygia |
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Term
| paired fins of actinopterygii |
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Definition
| proximal row of bony radials and distal series of lepidotrichs |
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Term
| paired fins of sarcopterygii (archiptergium, dipnoans) |
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Definition
| have radials that are biserial, series of radials on each side of a median axis |
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Term
| paired fins of sarcopterygii (crossopterygium) |
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Definition
| have radials that are uniserial, series of radials on one side of the axis, ancestral to tetrapod limb |
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Term
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Definition
| located along the centerline, dorsally and ventrally |
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Term
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Definition
| rolling, defense, and display |
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Term
| variations of median fins |
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Definition
| many variations between classes including size, shape, and color |
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Term
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Definition
| 1)fishes evolved in times of drought and used limbs to move between ponds 2)tetrapods evolved in humid areas--they walked on the bottom with their lobed-shaped fins and could crawl up on damp shores to escape enemies and find food; limbs evolved from crossopterygium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| evolutionary trend of limbs |
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Definition
| tetrapods evolved from a lineage of bony fishes (lobed finned fishes) which retained the ancestral position of the pelvic girdle and fins at the back end of the body, allowing for the eventual evolution of the tetrapod limbs |
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Term
| evolutionary trend of limbs (derived tetrapods) |
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Definition
| major innovation of appendicular skeleton has been to move the legs directly underneath the body, rather than being sprawled out to the side, as in most mammals |
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