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Skeletal System
Terms of the skeletal system (mostly physiologically)
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/21/2008

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Term
Osteocyte
Definition
A mature, non-dividing bone cell that is derived from an osteoblast. They are essential to the matinence and routine turnover of the connective matrix.
Term
Osteoblast
Definition
Bone cells that turn cartilage into bone during ossification. They also create the bone matrix. When they are finished, osteocytes take over. Osteoblasts tend to decrease as people get older.
Term
Osteoclast
Definition

Cells that resorb bone. Osteoclasts resorb bone by removing the mineralized matrix.

Term
Epiphysis
Definition
The rounded ends of bone. The epiphysis is filled with red bone marrow.
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
The shaft of bone. It contains bone marrow and adipose tissue.
Term
Endosteum
Definition
The connective tissue membrane lining the inner cavities of bone.
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Double-layer connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bone (except where articular cartilage exists). Ligaments and tendons attach through the periosteum.
Term

Metaphysis

Definition
Portion of bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
Term
Haversian canal
Definition
Canals in bone tissue that allow blood,lymphatic, and nerves to pass through.
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
Large central cavity in the diaphysis. Bone marrow is stored there.
Term
Trochanter
Definition
need definiton
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
Knob; larger than a tubercle
Term
Tubercle
Definition
Small, rounded bump.
Term
Crest
Definition
Term
Crest
Definition
Priminent ridge of bone.
Term
Line
Definition
Low bone ridge.
Term
Head
Definition
Enlarged (often rounded) bone end.
Term
Condyle
Definition
Smooth, rounded articular surface. The "knuckle" of any joint.
Term
Trochlea
Definition
A deep depression in bone with two distinct borders that articulates with an adjacent bone.

For example, the trochlea of humerus articulates with the ulna.
Term
Facet
Definition
The areas of each spinal bone that connect the vertibrates together.
Term
Spine
Definition
Term
Fossa
Definition
A depression or hollow area in bone.
Term

Foramen

Definition
Any opening in the bone.
Term
Fissue
Definition
A cleft opening in bone.
Term
Meatus
Definition
A bone tunnel.
Term

Antrum

Definition
A cavity in bone.
Term
Synarthrosis
Definition
A type of joint which permits little to no mobility.
Term
Amphiarthrosis
Definition
A type of continuous, slightly moveable joint.
Term
Diarthrosis
Definition
Any of several types of bone articulation permitting free motion in a joint, as that of the shoulder or hip
Term

 

Red Bone Marrow 

Definition
Connective tissue in the spaces of cancellous bone or in the medullary cavity, the site of blood cell production.
Term
Yellow Marrow
Definition
Fat stored within the medullary cavity or in the spaces of cancellous bone.
Term
Spongy Bone
Definition
Bone that forms that inside of bones, it looks like a sponge.
Term
Compact Bone  
Definition
The outside of bones, it is thick.
Term
Intermembranous Ossification
Definition
Replacement of sheet-like connective tissue with bony tissue.

Primary in flat bones of the skulls and some irregular bones.
Term
Endochondral Ossification  
Definition
Replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone tissue. -Most bones form this way.
Term
Epiphyseal Plate
Definition
The growth plate.

It is hyaline cartilage with in growing bones.
Term
The six bone shapes
Definition
1-Long: longer that wide
2-Short: Just as wide as long
3-Flat: Thin, flat shape, usually curved
4-Irregular:Do not fall into the above categories
5-Sesamoid-small, round (patella)
6-Wormian-small bones at joints of random cranial bones.
Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
80 bones from vertical axis of body (skull, spine, hyoid, ribs)
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
Any bone no in the axial skeleton (they attach to axial skeleton directly or indirectly)
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