Term
|
Definition
| bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bones of the limbs and girdles |
|
|
Term
| What is the skeletal system made of? |
|
Definition
| bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments make up the _____________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous cords that bind the bones together at joints |
|
|
Term
| What do joints give the body? |
|
Definition
| The _______ give the body flexibility and allow movement to occur. |
|
|
Term
| What are the five bone functions? |
|
Definition
| Support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell formation are the five ____________ functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bone that is dense and looks smooth and homogeneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bone that is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bones that are typically longer than they are wide. They have a shaft with heads at both ends. They are mostly compact bones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bones that are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. The bones of the wrist and ankle are ________ bones. Sesamoid bones are a special type of ______ bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These bones are thin and usually curved. They have two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them. Most bones of the skull, the ribs, and the sternum are ________ bones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special type of short bone that form within tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The vertebrae and hip bones fall into this group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This shaft makes up most of the bone's length and is composed of compact bone. It is covered and protected by the periosteum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This covers and protects the diaphysis. It is a fibrous connective tissue membrane. |
|
|
Term
| perforating, or Sharpey's fibers |
|
Definition
| hundreds of connective tissue fibers that secure the periosteum to the underlying bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the ends of the long bone. Each one consists of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area filled with spongy bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covers the epiphysis external surface; is hyaline cartilage; provides a smooth, slippery surface that decreases friction at joint surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remnant of epiphyseal plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seen in a young, growing bone; cause the lengthwise growth of a long bone; by the end of puberty, have been completely replaced by bone |
|
|
Term
| yellow marrow, or medullary, cavity |
|
Definition
| in adults, the cavity of the shaft; storage area for adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in infants, this is found in the long bone shaft cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where muscles, tendons and ligaments were attached and where blood vessels and nerves passed |
|
|
Term
| two categories of bone markings |
|
Definition
| projections/processes and depressions/cavities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mature bone cells; found within lacunae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone marking that has bony expansion carried on a narrow neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone marking that has smooth, nearly flat articular surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone marking that has rounded articular projection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny cavities in bone matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lacunae are arranged in concentric circles called _________ |
|
|
Term
| central (Haversian) canals |
|
Definition
| lamellae are around ____________ |
|
|
Term
| osteon or Haversian system |
|
Definition
| each complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny canals that radiate outward from the central canals to all lacunae; form transportation system that connects all the bone cells to the nutrient supply through the hard bone matrix; b/c of these, bone cells are well nourished |
|
|
Term
| perforating (Volkmann's) canals |
|
Definition
| the communication pathway from the outside of the bone to its interior (and the central canals) is completed by _____________, which run into the compact bone at right angles to the shaft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which bones increase in diameter |
|
|
Term
| 2 factors that determine bone remodeling |
|
Definition
1. calcium levels in the blood
2. pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PTH activates these; giant bone destroying cells in bones; breaks down bone matrix and releases calcium ions into the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when blood calcium levels are too high |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| children disease in which the bones fail to calcify |
|
|
Term
| closed (or simple) fracture |
|
Definition
| a fracture in which the bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate the skin |
|
|
Term
| open (or compound) fracture |
|
Definition
| broken bone ends penetrate through the skin |
|
|
Term
| 4 steps of bone fracture repair |
|
Definition
1. hematoma forms
2. break is splinted by fibrocartilage callus
3. bony callus forms
4. bone remodeling occurs |
|
|
Term
| fibrocartilage callus is made of |
|
Definition
| cartilage matrix, bony matrix, and collagen fibers make up the _______________________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spongy bone makes up this callus |
|
|
Term
| Name sections of vertebral column from superior to anterior |
|
Definition
| cervical curvature, thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature, sacral curvature, coccyx |
|
|
Term
| concavity and # of cervical curvature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concavity and # of vertebrae in thoracic curvature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concavity and # of vertebrae in lumbar curvature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concavity and # of vertebrae in sacral curvature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 functions of joints or articulations |
|
Definition
1. hold bones together securely
2. give rigid skeleton mobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joints where bones are united by fibrous tissue; sutures of skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connecting fibers are longer than those of sutures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in these joints, the bone ends are connected by cartilage; pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joints in which the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
| 4 characteristics of synovial joints |
|
Definition
1. articular cartilage
2. fibrous articular capsule
3. joint cavity
4. reinforcing ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the knee? |
|
Definition
| hinge joint; movement in one plane name an example |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of bursae or synovial membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ligaments or tendons reinforcing a joint are damaged by excessive stretching, or they are torn away from the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone thinning disease that afflicts half of women over 65 and 20% of men over 70 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spontaneous breaks without apparent injury |
|
|
