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Skeletal System
Lecture
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/12/2011

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Term
bone tissue
Definition
connective tissue
crystals of inorganic calcium salts make it rigid
collagen fibers makes it flexible and strong
Term
compact or dense bone
Definition
very few spaces inside
protection, support and strength
forms layer over spongy bone
concentric ring structure
Term
spongy (cancellous) bone
Definition
makes up skull and vertebrae and epiphyses
lattice of thin bone plates called trabeculae
some bones have space filled with marrow
produces blood cells
greatest strength for least weight
Term
long bone
Definition
diaphysis
epiphyses
metaphysis
medullary
endosteum
articular cartilage
periosteum
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft of long bone
Term
epiphyses
Definition
tips of long bone
Term
metaphysis
Definition
where epiphyses meets diaphysis
contains epiphyseal plate
Term
epiphyseal plate
Definition
where bone growth occurs between epiphyses and diaphysis
Term
medullary
Definition
marrow cavity
inside diaphysis
fatty marrow in adults
Term
endosteum
Definition
layer of osteoblasts in the marrow cavity w/ some osteoclasts
Term
osteoblast
Definition
bone creator
Term
osteoclast
Definition
bone degrader
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
thin layer of cartilage covering epiphysis at joint
Term
periosteum
Definition
fibrous covering around the bone
made of connective tissue with blood vessels
lymphatic vessels, nerves and cells that can become osteoblasts
Term
osteon (haversian system)
Definition
structural unit of bone
elongated cylinders parallel to bone axis
hollow tube of bone composed of rings called lamella
collagen fibers next to lamella run perpendicular
Term
central (haversion) canal
Definition
canal that runs through osteon
contains small blood vessels and nerve fibers
Term
perforating (volmanns) canals
Definition
lie at right angle to central canal
connects nerves and blood vessels in central canal with rest of body
Term
osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells found in lacunae (little space) at junctions of lamellae
Term
canaliculi
Definition
junctions that connect lacunae
Term
circumferential lamellae
Definition
lamellae that go around the bone
surrounds osteons like bark of a tree
Term
ossification
Definition
bone formation
begins 6-7 weeks after conception
Term
long bone ossification
Definition
shaft ossifies first
the epiphyses
then epiphyseal plate after complete growth (becomes epiphyseal line)
Term
bone remodeling
Definition
calcium is constantly removed and added
controlled by osteoblasts and osteoclasts
needs calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin d
Term
bone regulation hormones
Definition
growth: pituitary gland
calcitonin: thyroid gland in throat
anticalcitonin: parathyroid gland in throat
serotonin: made in intestine
Term
growth hormone
Definition
made in pituitary gland in brain
regulates bone growth
Term
calcitonin
Definition
made in thyroid in throat
promotes calcium deposit in bones
Term
parathyroid hormone
Definition
made in parathyroid in throat
promotes calcium removal
Term
serotonin
Definition
made in intestine
inhibits osteoblast production
Term
old bones
Definition
shifts balance between organic and calcium
leads to more inorganic salts and more brittle and less flexible bones
Term
female skeleton
Definition
wider, oval shaped pelvic opening for baby
Term
male skeleton
Definition
narrow, heart shaped pelvic openin
thicker skull
prominent brow ridge
Term
bone age
Definition
different bones stop at different times
tooth wear
Term
bone info
Definition
can tell diet, location based on proportion of isotopes in bones
size of muscles
activites
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