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Skeletal System
Lab
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/11/2011

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Cards

Term
Body
Definition
The largest or principal portion of the bone
Term
Head
Definition
The enlarged and often rounded end of a bone which articulates with another bone
Term
Neck
Definition
Constricted part of a bone lying between the head and the body
Term
Angle
Definition
Prounounced bend in a bone
Term
Facet
Definition
small, smooth articular surface which may be flat, concave, or convex
Term
condyle
Definition
a smooth and rounded knob which articulates with another bone
Term
epicondyle
Definition
protuberance located above a condyle
Term
crest
Definition
prominent but narrow ridge
Term
spine
Definition
an elevated narrow ridge
Term
process
Definition
prominent protuberance on the surface of a bone
Term
tubercle
Definition
small rounded protuberance
Term
tuberosity
Definition
moderate protuberance
Term
trochanter
Definition
very large protuberance on the femur
Term
Fossa
Definition
shallow, wide, or elongated depression on the surface of a bone
Term
notch
Definition
depression on the edge of a bone
Term
canal
Definition
tunnel which penetrates a bone
Term
meatus
Definition
large opening that gives way to a canal
Term
foramen
Definition
rounded hole that pierces a bone
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft of a long bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition
ends of a long bone
Term
epiphyseal plate
Definition
joins the diaphysis to the epiphysis with a growth plate
Term
epiphyseal line
Definition
hardened and complete epiphyseal plate
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis at the joint
Term
periosteum
Definition
connective tissue covering the outside of the bone
Term
medullary (marrow)
Definition
cavity inside the diaphysis
Term
endosteum
Definition
connective tissue lining the marrow cavity (single layer of bone cells)
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum
Term
parietal
Definition
two bones that form the roof of the skull and encases the top and lateral sides of the brain
Term
temporal
Definition
two bones that form the side and base of the skull at the temples. also the posterior portion of the cheekbone and articulates with the lower jaw. auditory meatus passes through her
Term
frontal
Definition
one bone that forms the forehead, including the brow ridge and top of eye sockets
Term
ethmoid
Definition
one bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity and portion of the base of skull
Term
sphenoid
Definition
portion of the base of the skull and is visible on the side of the cranium. pituitary glad is here. bone behind the eye
Term
occipital
Definition
one bone that is the base of the skull that includes the foramen magnum. articulates with occipital condyles
Term
Maxilla
Definition
two bones that join and form the upper jaw, anterior hard palate, and provides teeth sockets
Term
zygomatic
Definition
two bones that forms the cheekbones and connects the maxillary bones to the frontal and temporal bones
Term
lacrimal
Definition
two bones that form part of the medial surface of each eye orbit. contains the groove for the lacrimal canal
Term
inferior nasal concha
Definition
two bones located below the ethmoid bone on the lateral wall of each nasal cavity
Term
mandible
Definition
lower jaw. has condylar process, mandibular notch, ramus, coronoid process, and mandibular condyle
Term
Vomer
Definition
small bone that forms lower half o f nasal septum
Term
cervical vertebrae
Definition
neck vertebrae (C1-C7). transverse foramina provide a passage for the vertebral arteries. Unique to cervical vertebrae
Term
Atlas Vertebra
Definition
(C1) modified to articulate with occipital condyle, which enables up and down movement
Term
axis vertebra
Definition
(C2) large medial process called the dens. enables horizontal movement
Term
typical Cervical
Definition
(C3-C7) except C7 that has a long spinous process
Term
Thoracic Vertebrae
Definition
(T1-T12) all similar but each has a long spinous process that decreases with height.
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
(L1-L5) the lower back. these are large and thick with long transverse processes and short wide spinous processes
Term
sacrum
Definition
fusion of the five sacral vertebrae, articulates with teh coccyx and pelvic girdle
Term
coccyx
Definition
this bone is a fusion of five caudal vertebrae (tail bone)
Term
sternum
Definition
breastbone. articulates with the clavicles and ribs. composed of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
Term
true ribs
Definition
14-attached directly to the sternum
Term
false ribs
Definition
first three are attached to last true rib but the last two are floating ribs
Term
clavicle
Definition
long bones with double curve and function to increase rigidity of pectoral girdle
Term
carpals
Definition
bones of the wrist. arranged in two rows of four (16)
Term
metacarpals
Definition
bones of the palm (10)
Term
phalanges
Definition
bones of the fingers. three per finger and two per thumb (28)
Term
humerus
Definition
upper arm. longest and thickest in the arm. proximal end articulates with scapula and distal end articulates with ulna
Term
radius
Definition
bone of the forearm on the same side as the thumb. articulates with humerus and ulna proximally, and ulna and carpals distally.
Term
ulna
Definition
longest bone in the forearm. same side as the little finger
Term
scapula
Definition
shoulder blades. articulate with clavicle, humerous, and anchor muscles of the forelimbs
Term
os coxae
Definition
two bones that form the pelvis. a fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis. joins the vertebral column at teh sacroiliac join. left and right join at pubis symphysis
Term
ilium
Definition
largest bones of the pelvis. upper and anterior portion of the hips
Term
iscium
Definition
half ring shaped bones at bottom of coxae. butt bones
Term
pubis
Definition
two bones that fuse in the front
Term
pubis
Definition
two bones that fuse in the front
Term
pubis
Definition
two bones that fuse in the front
Term
pubis
Definition
two bones that fuse in the front
Term
acetabulum
Definition
socket that forms where ilium, ischium, and pubic bones join. hip socket
Term
tarsals
Definition
bones of the ankle. largest is the calcaneous of the heel
Term
metatarsals
Definition
bigger version of hand metacarpals
Term
phalanges
Definition
shorter version of phalanges of hand
Term
femur
Definition
articulates with acetabulum proximally and with head of tibia distally.
Term
patella
Definition
kneecap
Term
tibia
Definition
shinbone on the inner side of the lower leg. medial malleolus forms the medial portion of the ankle.
Term
fibula
Definition
outside of leg. limits foot motion
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