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Skeletal System
Skeletal System
28
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/19/2011

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Cards

Term
Bone Structure (long bone)
Definition

-A somewhat cylindrical shaft (diaphysis) with an enlarged portion (epiphysis) at each end.

 

Term
What covers the epiphysis to form a joint surface?
Definition
~Articular Cartilage
Term
Bones are covered by the ..what?
Definition
~Periosteum (tough fibrous tissue)
Term
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Definition

Compact bone

and

Spongy bone

Term
Compact Bone
Definition
~ Wall of diaphysis,solid,strong, and resistant to bending.
Term
Spongy Bone.
Definition
~ Epiphysis,numerous branching bony plates with interconnected spaces,strength,attachment surfaces, and resistant to compression.
Term
What is related to shape?
Definition
Bone function.
Term
Within the diaphysis there is a hollow chamber filled with ...what?
Definition
Marrow.
Term
Osteocytes.
Definition
~Are arranged in concentric circles and connected by small canals.
Term
In the microscopic structure the nerve and blood vessels pass throughout bone to...?
Definition
~ ...nourish the cells.
Term
In the microscopic structure the intercellular space is composed of ... and... ?
Definition
...collagen and inorganic salts (minerals).
Term
What are two types of bone growth and development?
Definition

Intramembranous

and

Endochondral

Term
Intramembranous Bones
Definition

~Usually broad,flat,bones.

~Begins a sheet of connective tissue.

~The osteoblasts form and deposit intercellular material.

Term
The osteoblasts with the matrix make....?
Definition
Osteocytes.
Term
Endochondral Bones.
Definition

~Most skeletal bones,long bones.

~Develope from cartilage models (ossification)

 

Term
What is the primary ossification center?
Definition
Diaphysis
Term
What is the secondary ossification center?
Definition
Epiphysis.
Term
What are the functions of the bone?
Definition

1) Support and Protect

2) Movement

3)Blood Cell Formation

4) Mineral Storage.

Term
Support and Protect
Definition
Ex) skull and ribcage
Term
Movement.
Definition
~Muscles pull bones to move body parts(levers)
Term
Mineral Storage
Definition
~Calcium and phosphorous (calcium phosphate)
Term
What are the two major portions of the skeleton?
Definition

Axial Skeleton

and

Appendicular Skeleton

Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
~Bones of the head,neck, and trunk.
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
~Arms and legs with associated girdles.
Term
Overview of the Axial Skeleton
Definition

1) Skull (cranium and facial bones)

2) Hyoid bone

3) Vertebral Column

4)Thoracic Cage (ribs) and Sternum

Term
Overview of the Appendicular Skeleton
Definition

1) Pectoral Girdle

2) Upper limbs and arms

3) Pelvic Girdle

4)Lower limbs and legs

 

Term
How many bones are in the Human Skeleton?
Definition
206
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