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Skeletal System
Unit Two: Skeletal System
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/05/2007

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Term
Discuss the function of the skeletal system
Definition
a.) Fundamental to the maintance of an erect position
b.) Provides protection
c.) Provides support- suspension of upper limp by shoulder girdle
d.) Important in movement
e.) Formation of Red blood cells
f.) Storage area for Calcium, fat and phosphate
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Thick layer of fibrous tissue on surface of bones

-two layers thick
-interconnect with the with fibers of
tendons/ligaments
-inner layer has cells that produce bone
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
smooth lubricating surface
no blood supply
degrades over time
Term
compact bone
Definition
below periosteum
thickest in shaft
Term
Cancellous bone
Definition
spoongy bone
only in ends epiphysis
Term
epiphyseal plate
Definition
where growth occurs
Term
endosteum
Definition
thin layer of osteoblastic cells found on the inner surface of the compact bone-responsible for deposit of new tissue on the inner surface of the bone
Term
Ossification
Definition
process of bone formation

intramembranous ossifcation-from connective tissue

endochondral ossification-from cartilage
Term
Intramembranous ossification-
Definition
bones produced from fibrous membrane, only one growth site-which enlarges intil it reaches adult size

Skull
Term
Cartilaginous/Intramembranous Ossification
Definition
more complex
model of future bone produced in hyalien cartilage
becomes calcified
blood vessels and boen forming cells invade and replace the calcified cartilage with bone
several sites

long bones
Term
Describe the structure and function of the fontanels.
Definition
Are the soft spots on a young babies head( fibrous membrane only)- that allow head to be squished when being born and allow for rapid expansion of the brain as the child grows
-posterior fontanel is fused within 3 months
-anterior fontanel fused within 18 months
Term
The blood supply comes from
(in bones)
Definition
1. microscopic blood vessels in the deepest layer of the periosteum
2. a macroscopic nutrient artery goes through the periosteum to the marrow. Blood to epiphysis is usually separate from that to the diaphysis
Term
paranasal sinuses
Definition
The paranasal sinuses are four cavities within the bones surrounding the nasal area- these are the frontal, sphenoidal ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses. Lines by mucous membrane they become inflamed and block the drainage into the nasal cavity building up pressure causing a headache
Term
Intervertebral discs- located between adjacent vertebral bodies- rubbery fibro cartilage that provides flexibility and cushioning- 1/5 of the total vertebral column
-inner jelly like nuclease pulpous surrounded by an outer fibrous annuluis
Definition
Intervertebral discs- located between adjacent vertebral bodies- rubbery fibro cartilage that provides flexibility and cushioning- 1/5 of the total vertebral column
-inner jelly like nuclease pulpous surrounded by an outer fibrous annuluis
Term
Pelvic Girdle
Definition
TWo Os Coxae or innominate bones eahc which articulate with the sacroiliac joint
Term
Symphysis Pubis
Definition
where the two innominate discs meet anteriorly
Term
Bony Pelvis
Definition
two hip bones plus sacrum and coccyx
Term
Osteoblastic Osteogenic
Definition
bone producing cell
Term
greenstick fracture
Definition
in children-no clear cut separation just like bending the branch of a new tree
Term

Ligamentum flavum

Definition

series of ligaments between adjacent laminae, highly elastic promotes the return of the vertebrae column to normal position from a position of flexion

Term
Posterior/anterior lonituginal ligament
Definition

The 33 vertebrae are joined by a series of ligaments, preventing extensive extension and flexion of spine, the posterior/anterior lonituginal ligament- whiplash injuries

Term

Supraspinous ligaments

Definition

Supraspinous ligaments- extend  over tips of spinous processes

            Thicken to form ligamentum nuchae or nuchal ligament for support of the                           head on the vertebral column

Term
Capsular ligaments
Definition

Capsular ligaments- support intervertebral joints at the articular facets

Term
Sesamoid bones
Definition

Sesamoid bones- bones that form within tendons

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