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Skeletal Muscle Tissue (Ch. 10)
N/A
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/26/2011

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Term
Define myocyte
Definition
muscle cell (skeletal, cardiac, or smooth)
Term
What is another name for a SKELETAL muscle cell?
Definition
muscle fiber
Term
Define myo-
Definition
muscle
Term
Define sarco-
Definition
flesh
Term
Define sarcolemma
Definition
plasma membrane of muscle fiber
Term
Define sarcoplasm
Definition
cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Term
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue?
Definition
striated, multinucleated, mostly voluntary control, involuntary control of diaphragm and reflexes
Term
What are the characteristics of cardiac tissue?
Definition
walls of the heart, striated, uninucleate, intercalated discs (gap junctions), branched cells, involuntary
Term
Describe and give locations for smooth muscle
Definition
walls of hollow organs (stomach, blood vessels, bladder, intestines), no striations, uninucleate, involuntary
Term
What are the four functions of muscle?
Definition
movement, posture, joint stabilization, and thermogenesis (heat generation)
Term
cardiac muscle moves ____
Definition
blood
Term
What are the two forms of thermogenesis?
Definition
contracting of skeletal muscles (excercise and shivering) and contraction of smooth muscle (goose bumps and dartos muscle)
Term
What are the four functional characteristics of muscle?
Definition
Contractibility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity
Term
Muscles only ____
Definition
pull
Term
What are the CT components of skeletal muscle?
Definition
Epimysium (surrounds entire muscle), perimysium (surounds fascicles), and endomysium(surrounds individual myocytes); tendon, aponeurosis, and fascia
Term
Define tendon
Definition
CT attachment of a skeletal muscle to a bone's periosteum
Term
Define aponeurosis
Definition
broad, flat, tendon
Term
Define fascia
Definition
dense sheet of CT that covers the body wall and limbs; supports and surrounds muscles/organs
Term
What is the point of muscle attachment on the less movable bone?
Definition
the origin
Term
What is the point of musce attachment on the more movable bone?
Definition
insertion
Term
Where can you find capillaries in relation to muscle tissue?
Definition
around each individual myocyte
Term
What are the two components of sarcoplasm?
Definition
glycogen and myoglobin
Term
What is the predominant organelle in the skeletal muscle?
Definition
myofibril
Term
What is the characteristic that differentiates pictures of muscle TISSUES from muscle CELLS?
Definition
nuclei; if nuclei are present it is a cell
Term
What are the the proteins that constitute myofibrils?
Definition
contractile (actin and myosin), regulatory (tropomyosin and troponin), and structural proteins (titan and dystrophin)
Term
What is the hierarchy of muscle fiber composition?
Definition
myofilaments-->myofibrils-->muscle fiber
Term
What are the two types of contractile myofilaments?
Definition
actin (thin) and myosin (thick)
Term
What are the five components of the sarcomere?
Definition
Z discs, A band, I band, H zone, and M line
Term
What is the sarcomere?
Definition
the basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle
Term
What are Z discs?
Definition
the boundary of each sarcomere
Term
What is an A band?
Definition
region where thin and thick filaments overlap
Term
What are I Bands?
Definition
area on either side of an A Band that contains only thin filaments
Term
Define H zone
Definition
central part of A band where no filaments reach
Term
What is the M Line?
Definition
center of the H zone that contains rods that hold thick filaments together
Term
Define myofibril
Definition
contractile organelles of the muscle fiber; help give muscle cell its striped appearance
Term
What are the two types of regulatory proteins?
Definition
Tropomyosin and troponin
Term
Define tropomyosin
Definition
chord-like protein covering myosin binding sites on actin molecues
Term
Define and state the purpose of troponin
Definition
protein complex attached to tropomyosin; binds with Ca and pulls tropomyosin OFF binding sites
Term
What are the two structural proteins?
Definition
dystrophin and titin
Term
Define dystrophin
Definition
protein that anchors the myofibrils to the sarcolemma
Term
Define titin
Definition
elastic proteins that anchor the thick filaments to the z discs and resists overstretching
Term
Define T-tubules
Definition
invaginations of sarcolemma
Term
Define sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Definition
membranous sacs that encircle each myofibril; stores calcium ions
Term
myofilaments ____ shorten
Definition
DO NOT
Term
What are the components of a motor unit?
Definition
a single somatic motor neuron and all its muscle fibers
Term
fine movements have ____ per motor unit
Definition
few fibers
Term
gross movements have ____ per motor unit
Definition
many fibers
Term
Describe axon terminals
Definition
the enlargements at the end of the tiny branches of the motor neuron
Term
What are the components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)?
Definition
Axon terminal, sarcolemma of the muscle fiber, and the synaptic cleft
Term
What are the three types of muscle fibers?
Definition
Slow Oxidative (type 1), Fast Ox-Glycolytic (type IIa), fast glycolytic (type IIb/IIx)
Term
the ___ muscle fibers present means the ___ time you can use them
Definition
more; less
Term
Define junctional folds
Definition
small invaginations in the sarcolemma that function to increase surface area; ACh receptors
Term
Describe and provide the function for Slow Ox fibers
Definition
Aerobic, red, small fiber diameter; functions to maintain posture and endurance activities
Term
Describe and provide the function for Fast Ox-Glyc fibers
Definition
Aerobic and anaerobic, pink, intermediate fiber diameter; used for walking or sprinting
Term
Describe and provide the function for Fast-Glyc fibers
Definition
Anaerobic, white, large fiber diameter; used for rapid intense movements of short duration
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