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Skeletal Movements
Joints Movements
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/07/2007

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Term
Flexion
Definition
a decrease in the joint angle from anatomical position.
Ex.:
- If you bend your shoulder, you are flexing your forearm.
- Bending forward at the waist is flexion of the vertebral column.
- Loking at your toes is flexion of the head.
Term
Extension
Definition
is a return to anatomical position of a part of the body that was flexed.
Ex.:
- If you are looking at your toes and lift your head back to anatomical position, you are extending your head.
Term
Hyperextention
Definition
is a extension of tha part of the body beyond anatomical position.
Ex.:
- When you are about to roll a bowling ball and your arm reaches the very back of the arc you are hyperextending your arm.
Term
Abduction
Definition
is a movement of the limbus in the coronal plane away from the body (abduct = to take away). abduction is taking away a part of the body in a lateral direction.
Term
Adduction
Definition
is the return af the part of the body to anatomical position after abduction.
Ex.:
- In doing "jumping jack," you are abducting and adducting in series.
Term
Rotation
Definition
is the circular movement of a part of the body.
Term
Supination
Definition
is lateral rotation ( moves the anterior surface of the limb toward the lateral sid of the body.) of the hand.
- The hands are supinated when the body is in anatomic position.
Term
Pronation
Definition
is medial rotation ( turns the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline) of the hands.
- When you turn your palms posteriorly from anatomic position, you are pronating your hands.
Term
Circumduction
Definition
is the movement of a muscle in a conical shape, with the point of the cone being proximal.
Term
Protraction
Definition
is horizontal movement in the anterior direction, as in jutting the chin forward.
Term
Retraction
Definition
is the reverse of protraction. The jaw that moves from anterior to posterior is retracted.
Term
Elevation
Definition
means to move in a superior direction. Elevation of the shoulders occurs when you shrug your shoulders.
Term
Depresion
Definition
is the opposite of elevation; it is movement in the inferior direction.
Term
Inversion (supination)
Definition
refers to movement of the feet. Turning the soles of the feet medially so they face each other.
Term
Eversion (pronation)
Definition
means turning the soles of the feet laterally.
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
is a movement in which the toes are elevated, as one might o in applying toenail polish.
Term
Plantar Flexion
Definition
is movement of the oot so te toes point downward, as in pressing the gas pedal of a car or standing on tiptoes.
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