Term
| glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) |
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Definition
| sliding and rotating the scapula on the thoracic wall changes the position |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
irregularly shaped pyramidal area formed by the muscles and the thoracic wall
Opens directly into the lateral neck, it transmits major structures to the arm |
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Term
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Definition
| scapula, proximal end of humerus |
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Term
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Definition
radius (lateral)
ulna (medial) |
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Term
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Definition
| carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges |
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Term
| 3 transition areas of the upper limb |
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Definition
| axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by the muscles anterior to the elbow; transmits the brachial artery and the median nerve |
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Term
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Definition
gateway to the palm;
carpal bones and transverse carpal ligament create space for median nerve and long flexor tendons to pass into hand |
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Term
| movements of the elbow joint and forearm |
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Definition
| flexion and extension; pronation and supination |
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Term
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Definition
| adduction, abduction; flexion and extension of the hand |
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Term
| where is the wrist joint formed between? |
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Definition
| the radius and carpal bones and the articular disc and carpal bones |
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Term
| how much movement between carpals and metacarpals? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does flexion, extension, abduction and adduction occur in the finger? |
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Definition
| Metacarpal phalangeal joints (MCP) |
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Term
| what type of joint occurs between the thumb and the carpus? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of movements occur at the thumb? |
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Definition
| flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, reposition |
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Term
| Spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal and branch into? |
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Definition
| Posterior and anterior rami |
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Term
| Each spinal nerve supplies a region of skin called a? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| areas where overlap of dermatomes is minimal |
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Term
| dermatome of middle finger |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| dermatome of pinky finger |
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Definition
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Term
| Arm abduction tests which myotome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flexion of the elbow tests which myotome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extension of the elbow tests which myotome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flexion of the digits tests which myotome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Abduction/adduction of digits tests which myotome? |
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Definition
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Term
| the brachial plexus is formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| axillary nerve wraps around what? |
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Definition
| the surgical neck of the humerus |
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Term
| where is the radial nerve located? |
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Definition
| the posterior surface of the humerus in the radial groove |
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Term
| where is the ulnar nerve located? |
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Definition
| passes by the medial epicondyle of the humerus |
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Term
| What do the intermuscular septa bind firmly to? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| separate groups of muscles with similar functions and common nerve supply into compartments by thick sheets of deep fascia |
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Term
| Subcutaneous tissue is what type of fascia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a dense connective tissue layer that functions as a wrapping and packing material; may permit gliding of structures and passageways for vessels |
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Term
| muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| the median nerve innervates what muscles? |
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Definition
| the anterior compartment of the forearm (2 exceptions) |
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Term
| the radial nerve innervates what area? |
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Definition
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Term
| the ulnar nerve innervates what area? |
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Definition
| the intrinsic muscles of the hand (except the thenar muscles and other exceptions) |
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Term
| As the subclavian artery passes the lateral border of the 1st rib it becomes the? |
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Definition
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Term
| The axillary artery is subdivided as it passes under the? |
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Definition
| pectoralis minor muscle; 1st part gives off 1 branch, 2nd of 2 and 3rd off 3 |
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Term
| the brachial artery is the continuation of which artery and begins where? |
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Definition
| continuation of the axillary artery and begins at the inferior border of teres major muscle |
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Term
| where does the brachial artery end? |
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Definition
| ends in the cubital fossa branching into the radial and ulnar arteries |
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Term
| the ulnar artery gives off to what artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| the interosseous artery gives off to what branchs? |
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Definition
| the anterior and posterios interosseous branch |
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Term
| where does venous drainage of the upper limb begin? |
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Definition
| begins in the dorsum of the hand via the dorsal venous netwrok via the cephalic and basilic veins |
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Term
| the palm of the hand is usually drained by which type of veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| both deep and superficial veins drain into the? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is venipuncture often accomplished? |
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Definition
| in the median cubital vein overlying the cubital fossa |
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Term
| main features of synovial joints |
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Definition
| permit a large degree of motion between bones; have a joint cavity, articular (hyaline) cartilage, synovial membrane, articular capsule and ligaments to reinforce the fibrous capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| a flattened sac of synovial membrane which exists between a tendon and a bone to help minimize friction |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to bursae except they wrap around tendons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of a synovial sheath |
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Term
| what are joints typically innervated by? |
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Definition
| the articular branches of the nerves that innervate muscles acting on that particular joint |
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Term
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Definition
| extremely mobile, providing a wide range of movement at the expense of stability |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of the clavicle and scapula |
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Term
| what comprises the shoulder? |
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Definition
| the pectoral girdle and the proximal end of the humerus |
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Term
| what are the three synovial joints of the shoulder complex? |
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Definition
| glenohumeral, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular |
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Term
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Definition
| a functional joint in which the anterior concave surface of the scapula articulates with the convex posterolateral thoracic cage; it is not a true anatomical joint |
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Term
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Definition
| the only bony attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton is at this place; it is saddle shaped and contains a fibrocartilage disc |
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Term
| what is the ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic motion during overhead reaching (flexion and adbuction)? |
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Definition
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Term
| For every 3 degrees of arm elevation, how many degrees of motion occur at the glenohumeral motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| For every 3 degrees of arm elevation, how many degrees of motion occur due to upward outward rotation of the scapula on the thorax? |
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Definition
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Term
| if either glenohumeral or scapulothoracic motion is impared due to neuromuscular weakness or restriction of connective tissue, what will be impaired? |
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Definition
| full abduction of the arm |
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Term
| upward rotation of the scapula occurs with? |
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Definition
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Term
| the clavicle changes from convex anteriorly to? |
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Definition
| concave laterally where the bone flattens out and articulates with the acromion of the scapula |
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Term
| the sternoclavicular joint is what type of joint? |
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Definition
| saddle with an intra-articular disc |
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Term
| what type of movement does the sternoclavicular joint permit? |
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Definition
| elevation, depression, protraction, retration, and circumduction |
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Term
| what is the fibrous joint capsule of the sternoclavicular joint reinforced by? |
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Definition
| anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, interclavicular ligaments, and costoclavicular ligaments |
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Term
| what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint? |
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Definition
| a synovial plane joint which allows gliding motion |
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Term
| this ligament provides much of the weight bearing support of the upper limb |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the names of the 2 ligaments that compose the coracoclavicular ligament in the AC joint? |
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Definition
| conoid and trapezoid ligament |
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Term
| AC separation is typically associated with the tear of which ligaments? |
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Definition
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Term
| is the acromioclavicular ligament strong or weak? |
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Definition
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Term
| is the coracoclavicular ligrament strong or weak? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is located between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa which allows for greater motility than any other joint? |
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Definition
| a synovial ball and socket joint |
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Term
| the articular surface of the humeral head is approximately how much larger than the glenoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the glenohumeral joint held together by? |
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Definition
| rotator cuff muscles, the glenoid labrum, joint capsule and reinforcing ligaments |
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Term
| Movements of the glenohumeral joint include |
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Definition
| flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction |
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Term
| subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa |
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Definition
| reduces friction between the supraspinatus tendon and the coracoacromial arch |
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Term
| myotome compared to dermatome |
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Definition
| motion compared to sensation |
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Term
| Scapulohumeral muscles attach the scapula to the? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the four muscles of the rotator cuff? |
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Definition
| supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
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Term
| what is the proximal attachment of the deltoid muscle? |
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Definition
| lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula |
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Term
| what is the distal attachment of the deltoid? |
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Definition
| the deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
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Term
| what innervates the deltoid muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what provides blood supply to the deltoid? |
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Definition
| deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery and the posterior humeral circumflex artery |
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Term
| what are the actions of the deltoid muscle? |
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Definition
| abducts, flexes, extends, internal and external rotation |
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Term
| what 3 tendons form the greater tubercle of the humerus? |
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Definition
| supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles |
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Term
| proximal attachment (origin) of the supraspinatus muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| distal attachment (insertion) of the supraspinatus muscle? |
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Definition
| greater tubercle of humerus |
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Term
| for the first 15 degrees, which muscle primarily abducts the arm? |
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Definition
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Term
| innervation of the supraspinatus muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| blood supply to supraspinatus muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the main actions of the supraspinatus muscle? |
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Definition
| initiates abduction of upper limb and is critical for the first 15 degrees; it holds head of humerus in the glenoid cavity during arm elevation |
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Term
| origin of the infraspinatus muscle |
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Definition
| infraspinous fossa of scapula |
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Term
| insertion of infraspinatus muscle |
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Definition
| middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus |
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Term
| innervation of the infraspinatus muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| blood supply to the infraspinatus muscle |
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Definition
| suprascapular artery and scapular circumflex artery |
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Term
| main actions of the infraspinatus muscle |
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Definition
| laterally rotates humerus; holds head of humerus in glenoid fossa during arm movements |
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Term
| Which nerve reaches the supraspinous fossa by traversing the suprascapular notch beneath the cover of the transverse scapular ligament? |
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Definition
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Term
| the suprascapular artery runs over which ligament? |
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Definition
| the suprascapular ligament |
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Term
| how do you test for suprascapular nerve integrity in a patient? |
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Definition
| ask the patient to abduct the arm from the full adducted position. you should be able to feel the supraspinatus muscle contact with your palpating hand. you can give further resistance to assess the strength |
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Term
| what is the teres minor muscle innervated by and what space does this nerve pass through? |
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Definition
| axillary nerve; quadrangular space |
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Term
| A proximal humeral fracture puts which nerve at risk of injury? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| superior part of lateral border of scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior facet on greater tubercle of humerus |
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Term
| innervation of teres minor |
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Definition
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Term
| main action of the teres minor |
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Definition
| laterally rotates the humerus |
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Term
| blood supply to the teres minor |
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Definition
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Term
| origin of subscapularis muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| insertion of subscapularis muscle |
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Definition
| lesser tubercle of humerus |
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Term
| innervation of subscapularis muscle |
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Definition
| upper and lower subscapular nerves |
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Term
| main action of the subscapularis muscle |
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Definition
| medially rotates the humerus |
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Term
| blood supply of subscapularis |
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Definition
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Term
| the rotator cuff is essential for |
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Definition
| stabilization of the glenohumeral joint |
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Term
| rotator cuff tears most typically involve the |
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Definition
| supraspinatus muscle; however the tear can extend to other portions of the rotator cuff |
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Term
| the rotator cuff muscles are active during which type of movements? |
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Definition
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Term
| origin of the teres major muscle |
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Definition
| posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula |
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Term
| insertion of teres major muscle |
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Definition
| medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus |
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Term
| innervation of teres major muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| blood supply to teres major muscle |
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Definition
| circumflex scapular artery |
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Term
| main actions of teres major muscle |
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Definition
| medially rotates the humerus, adducts and extends the humerus |
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Term
| what are the four borders of the quadrangular space? |
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Definition
| teres minor, teres major, long head of the triceps and the humerus |
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Term
| what nerve and artery pass through the quadrangular space? |
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Definition
| the axillary nerve and the circumflex humeral artery |
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Term
| fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus may damage what nerve and artery? |
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Definition
| axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery |
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Term
| what is arterial ligation? |
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Definition
| during surgery or following trauma, arteries may be tied off to avoid bleeding. arterial anastomoses enable this to be performed without causing tissue damage from ischemia (lack of blood) |
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Term
| origin of the short head of the biceps brachii muscle |
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Definition
| tip of the coracoid process |
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Term
| origin of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| function of the biceps brachii muscle regarding the shoulder |
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Definition
| stabilizes anterior aspect of the shoulder, weak flexor of the humerus |
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Term
| what are glenohumeral ligaments? |
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Definition
| thickenings of the fibrous joint capsule that strengthen the capsule anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
| a fibro-osseous tunnel between the hook of the hamate and the flexor tendons |
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