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Shoulders
shoulder anatomy , function and injuries(Injury management and applied anatomy)
29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
08/12/2015

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Cards

Term
What is the shoulder complex?
Definition
The scapula and the clavicle
Term
Functional movements of the shoulder?
Definition
1. Everyday activities(Feeding, locomotion, object transfer)
2. Sport/Athletics(throwing)
3. Occupational tasks(material handling)
Term
Periscapula Muscles
Definition
Trapezius, Rhomboid major/minor, Levator Scapulae, Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor
Term
What is the AC sprain?
Definition
It is where the outer end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula are sprained.
Term
What ligaments does the AC sprain involve?
Definition
The AcromialClavicular ligament, the coracoclavicular ligament, and the coracoacromial ligament
Term
MOI for AC sprain?
Definition
Acute; landing on outstretched hand, elbow or shoulder.
Term
AC sprain Restrictions on movement/exercises?
Definition
Holding shoulder at 90 deg flexion/abduction, then horizontal adduction creates compressive forces on the AC joint.
Term
AC rehabilitation exercises?
Definition
isometric shoulder exercises, pendulum exercise, external rotation stretch, internal/external rotation movements
Term
AC signs/symptoms grade 1
Definition
Stretch or partial damage to AC ligament and capsule
No displacement
Local tenderness
Minimal swelling
Term
Ac signs/symptoms grade 2
Definition
Rupture of AC ligament and partial tear of CC ligaments
Clavicle shifted slightly superior (‘step’ deformity
Term
AC signs/symptoms grade 3
Definition
Rupture of AC and CC ligaments
Obvious deformity
Significant swelling, bruising
Term
Rotator cuff muscles insertion
Definition
greater tubercule of the humerus at the rotator cuff tendon
Term
Rotator cuff muscles?
Definition
Subscapularis
infraspinatus
teres minor
supraspinatus
Term
What is SA impingement?
Definition
Mechanical Abutment of the rotator cuff tendon, SA bursa and long head biceps tendon against the CA ligament and the acromion
Term
MOI of SA impingement?
Definition
Chronic
Overuse-overhead movement
-structural vulnerability (Acromion types, bone spurs, lax ligaments/capsule)
-inflexibility
-tight joint capsule
-muscle imbalances
Term
Muscle imbalances present for SA?
Definition
Overdeveloped deltoid with weak rotator cuffs
Weak/lengthened lower/middle traps, SA, latt Dorsi(upward rotators & depressors)
-fatigued upper UT fibers
- Overtrained/tight rhomboids, LS
Term
SA signs/symptoms
Definition
Deep ache, Upper arm pain, night pain, greater tubercule, LHB tenderness, difficulty sleeping on involved side
weakness in elevation and lateral rotation
positive impingement tests
painful arc(70-120deg abduction)
Term
What is Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Definition
inflammation disease and swelling in and around the rotator cuff tendon.
Term
Rotator cuff tendinopathy MOI?
Definition
Acute-Tensile force, dynamic overload(forcefull pull on arm, forceful contraction, FOOSH)

-Chronic (same as SA )
Term
SA impingement/RC tendinopathy rehab considerations?
Definition
maintain a balanced strengthening program
-do not perform shoulder abduction in internal rotation
Term
SA impingement/RC tendinopathy exercise considerations?
Definition
overhead abduction/flexion of arms
-avoid overstretching anterior capsule(execessive lateral rotation+Abduction)
-perform elevation in scapular plane
Term
what is GH dislocation?
Definition
the humeral head displaces from the glenoid fossa.
Term
What causes GH dislocation?
Definition
Excessive motion into abduction, lateral rotation and extension.
Term
What are the types of GH dislocation?
Definition
Humeral head idsplaces anterior and inferiorly (most common type)

GH displaces posterior and inferior
Term
MOI of GH dislocation?
Definition
Acute: tensile or shear forces
Dynamic overload.

Chronic
-needs much less shear/tensile force
-dynamic overload
-structural vulnerability due to ligament laxity, shape/size of glenoid and position of humeral head
-Muscle imbalance(RC weakness)
Term
anterior GH dislocation Signs and symptoms?
Definition
-popping noise
- tingling and numbness(dead arm)
- arm held in slight abduction and lateral rotation
-sharp contour to shoulder
-shoulder loses roundness, visible deficiency under acromion
-apprehension
Term
How is GH instability caused?
Definition
repeat subluxations or dislocations, may develop following dislocation
Term
GH instability exercise considerations (Anterior and posterior)
Definition
Anterior instability:
Avoid overstretching anterior capsule(lateral rotation+ abduction, hyperextension of GH)

Posterior instability: avoid overstretching posterior capsule(Adduction and medial rotation)

-perform elevation in scap plane and maintain muscle balance
Term
SA impingement can be the result of muscle imbalance of the muscles of the
shoulder girdle. The delto
id muscle produces a ____________ force on the
humeral head at the glenohumeral joint whereas the rotator cuff muscle group
produces a ___________ force on the humeral head at the glenohumeral joint
Definition
1. internal rotation
2. external rotation
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