Term
| What is the shoulder complex? |
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Definition
| The scapula and the clavicle |
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Term
| Functional movements of the shoulder? |
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Definition
1. Everyday activities(Feeding, locomotion, object transfer)
2. Sport/Athletics(throwing)
3. Occupational tasks(material handling) |
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Term
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Definition
| Trapezius, Rhomboid major/minor, Levator Scapulae, Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor |
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Term
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Definition
| It is where the outer end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula are sprained. |
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Term
| What ligaments does the AC sprain involve? |
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Definition
| The AcromialClavicular ligament, the coracoclavicular ligament, and the coracoacromial ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute; landing on outstretched hand, elbow or shoulder. |
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Term
| AC sprain Restrictions on movement/exercises? |
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Definition
| Holding shoulder at 90 deg flexion/abduction, then horizontal adduction creates compressive forces on the AC joint. |
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Term
| AC rehabilitation exercises? |
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Definition
| isometric shoulder exercises, pendulum exercise, external rotation stretch, internal/external rotation movements |
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Term
| AC signs/symptoms grade 1 |
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Definition
Stretch or partial damage to AC ligament and capsule
No displacement
Local tenderness
Minimal swelling |
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Term
| Ac signs/symptoms grade 2 |
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Definition
Rupture of AC ligament and partial tear of CC ligaments
Clavicle shifted slightly superior (‘step’ deformity |
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Term
| AC signs/symptoms grade 3 |
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Definition
Rupture of AC and CC ligaments
Obvious deformity
Significant swelling, bruising |
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Term
| Rotator cuff muscles insertion |
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Definition
| greater tubercule of the humerus at the rotator cuff tendon |
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Term
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Definition
Subscapularis
infraspinatus
teres minor
supraspinatus |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical Abutment of the rotator cuff tendon, SA bursa and long head biceps tendon against the CA ligament and the acromion |
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Term
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Definition
Chronic
Overuse-overhead movement
-structural vulnerability (Acromion types, bone spurs, lax ligaments/capsule)
-inflexibility
-tight joint capsule
-muscle imbalances |
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Term
| Muscle imbalances present for SA? |
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Definition
Overdeveloped deltoid with weak rotator cuffs
Weak/lengthened lower/middle traps, SA, latt Dorsi(upward rotators & depressors)
-fatigued upper UT fibers
- Overtrained/tight rhomboids, LS |
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Term
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Definition
Deep ache, Upper arm pain, night pain, greater tubercule, LHB tenderness, difficulty sleeping on involved side
weakness in elevation and lateral rotation
positive impingement tests
painful arc(70-120deg abduction) |
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Term
| What is Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy |
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Definition
| inflammation disease and swelling in and around the rotator cuff tendon. |
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Term
| Rotator cuff tendinopathy MOI? |
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Definition
Acute-Tensile force, dynamic overload(forcefull pull on arm, forceful contraction, FOOSH)
-Chronic (same as SA ) |
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Term
| SA impingement/RC tendinopathy rehab considerations? |
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Definition
maintain a balanced strengthening program
-do not perform shoulder abduction in internal rotation |
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Term
| SA impingement/RC tendinopathy exercise considerations? |
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Definition
overhead abduction/flexion of arms
-avoid overstretching anterior capsule(execessive lateral rotation+Abduction)
-perform elevation in scapular plane |
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Term
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Definition
| the humeral head displaces from the glenoid fossa. |
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Term
| What causes GH dislocation? |
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Definition
| Excessive motion into abduction, lateral rotation and extension. |
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Term
| What are the types of GH dislocation? |
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Definition
Humeral head idsplaces anterior and inferiorly (most common type)
GH displaces posterior and inferior |
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Term
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Definition
Acute: tensile or shear forces
Dynamic overload.
Chronic
-needs much less shear/tensile force
-dynamic overload
-structural vulnerability due to ligament laxity, shape/size of glenoid and position of humeral head
-Muscle imbalance(RC weakness) |
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Term
| anterior GH dislocation Signs and symptoms? |
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Definition
-popping noise
- tingling and numbness(dead arm)
- arm held in slight abduction and lateral rotation
-sharp contour to shoulder
-shoulder loses roundness, visible deficiency under acromion
-apprehension |
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Term
| How is GH instability caused? |
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Definition
| repeat subluxations or dislocations, may develop following dislocation |
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Term
| GH instability exercise considerations (Anterior and posterior) |
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Definition
Anterior instability:
Avoid overstretching anterior capsule(lateral rotation+ abduction, hyperextension of GH)
Posterior instability: avoid overstretching posterior capsule(Adduction and medial rotation)
-perform elevation in scap plane and maintain muscle balance |
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Term
SA impingement can be the result of muscle imbalance of the muscles of the
shoulder girdle. The delto
id muscle produces a ____________ force on the
humeral head at the glenohumeral joint whereas the rotator cuff muscle group
produces a ___________ force on the humeral head at the glenohumeral joint |
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Definition
1. internal rotation
2. external rotation |
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