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Shoulder
Pathology
129
Anatomy
Professional
05/03/2012

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Cards

Term
Shoulder pain with overhead activity, painful arch

+ tests: neers, hawkins, relocation
Definition
Impingement syndrome
Term
History of shoulder dislocation (overstretched into abduction and external rotation)

+ apprehension with improvement of using relocation
Definition
Traumatic anterior instability
Term
A period of pain lasting for weeks is followed by a period of gradual stiffening of the shoulder as the pain resolves.

Restrictive in both active and passive external rotation and abduction
Definition
Adhesive Capsulitis
Term
Sudden shoulder pain with overhead or lifting activity

Supraspinatus is most common

+ empty can test
Definition
rotator cuff tear
Term
Patient fell on the shoulder or outstretched arm
Visible bump at the ac joint, weighted and non weighted views indicate a degree of laxity and damage
Definition
AC separation
Term
Usually mechanical signs/symptoms with painful locking and clunking with a specific movement pattern

+ clunk, crank, obriens
Definition
Labrum Tear
Term
Severe shoulder pain that increases with any shoulder movement either with insidious onset, fall, or trauma

Rupture of the bursa due to a calcific process in the tendon
Definition
Acute calcific bursitis and tendonitis
Term
Baseball pitcher that complains of shoulder pain that occurs mainly when throwing hard. Gradual onset of pain. Tender area on proximal humerus.

Salter Harris Type 1 injury
Definition
Little Leaguers Shoulder
Term
Found associated with impingement syndrome
All ROM are often affected with acute bursitis, especially end range forward flexion

Tenderness found anterior to AC joint on passive extension of shoulder
Definition
Subdeltoid Bursitis
Term
Complains of pain, aching, and tenderness in specific muscle or tendon areas that radiate pain in nondermatomal pattern. Trigger points involved
Definition
Myofascitis
Term
Symptoms often are the result of a sudden traction on the arm that results in pain and weakness felt in the entire arm. Supporting the arm relieves symptoms. Overhead activities are difficult because of fatigue rather than pain
Definition
Nontraumatic Instability
Term
Secondary to AC trauma, usually a weight lifter that has diffuse pain with bench press, clean, jerk, or dip
Definition
Osteolysis of the Distal Clavicle
Term
chronic degenerative disease with a history of trauma. Usually found with females over 40 secondary to other disorders.
Definition
Osteoarthritis of the GH Joint
Term
lateral elbow pain associated with repititve sport or occupational activity, repetitive wrist extension, radial deviation and supination

tenderness at the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

+ cozens, mills
Definition
lateral epicondylitis
Term
medial elbow pain following a repetitive activity such as hammering or use a screwdriver. wrist flexion and pronation such as in serving or overhead and forehand strokes. weakness in gripping, flexors with wrist extension , keeping elbow straight elicits pain
Definition
medial epicondylitis
Term
pain at the tip of the elbow after repetitive extension activity or a single event involving a forceful elbow extension. Strain of the triceps insertion on the olecranon process
Definition
Triceps Tendinitis
Term
athlete complaining of sharp posterior elbow pain on quick extension of the elbow, popping and clicking with extension
Definition
Posterior impingement Syndrome of the elbow
Term
a child with lateral elbow pain after swinging the child by the arms or sudden jerking of the childs arm, radial head is not fully formed allowing entrapment of the annular ligament
Definition
Nursemaids Elbow
Term
adolescent baseball pitcher who complains of either medial or lateral elbow pain. Repetitive valgus stress incurred with pitching causes stretch injury to the medial elbow and possible compression injury to the lateral elbow
Definition
little leaguer elbow
Term
young male/female complaining of unilateral (dominant arm) lateral elbow pain and stiffness. clicking and locking usually involved in sport activity, avascular necrosis
Definition
osteochondrosis (panners disease)
Term
obvious swelling of the distal to the point of the elbow, fall to the elbow or repeated weight bearing or dragging of the elbow on the ground
Definition
olecranon bursitis
Term
medial forearm pain and paresthesia into the ring and little finger, history is of activities throwing that medially stretched the elbow (valgus). compression or stretch may cause irritation of the ulnar nerve
Definition
cubital tunnel syndrome
Term
complains of radial or dorsal wrist pain following a fall on the outstretched hand. fall on thenar eminence with the wrist forced into hyperextension, ulnar deviation and intercarpel supination, which forces the capitate between the scaphoid and the lunate
Definition
scapholunate dissociation
Term
fall on either the palmer flexed or hyperpronated wrist. some only present with only dorsal ulnar wrist pain and a non traumatic history
Definition
triquetrolunate dissociation
Term
radial wrist pain with a history or activities that require either forceful gripping with ulnar deviation or repetitive use of the thumb.
Definition
stenosing tenosynovitis or deQuervain's
Term
pain and numbness/tingling in the palmer surface of the thumb and radial two and one half fingers; symptoms are worse at night. clumsiness with precision gripping
Definition
carpel tunnel syndrome
Term
numbness/tingling or pain in the forth or fifth digits; ulnar nerve is compressed. chronic compression in handlebars
Definition
tunnel of guyon syndrome
Term
pain at the anatomic snuff box after a fall on the outstretched hand seen 3-6 months after trauma often. wrist in maximum dorsiflexion (>90)
Definition
scaphoid fractures
Term
decreased in carrying angle of the arm
Definition
cubitus varus and gunshot deformity
Term
under 35 year old with anterior shoulder pain will have
Definition
secondary impingement
Term
Colles fracture is a fracture of
Definition
dorsal fracture of the distal radius
Term
Dawbarns Test is a test of
Definition
Bursitis
Term
Most common rotator cuff muscle injured
Definition
supraspinatus muscle
Term
A hernated nucleus pulposes between the C5 and C6 will cause reflex in
Definition
C6 nerve root (brachioradialis)
Term
Normal ROM for wrist extension is
Definition
70 degrees
Term
Green stick is a fracture is a
Definition
incomplete fracture
Term
anterior interosseous syndrome will affect the
Definition
first two digits
Term
Smiths fracture happens at the __ __ with a __ angulation
Definition
Distal radius with a volar angulation
Term
Nursemaids elbow happes at what age
Definition
2-4 at lateral elbow (annular ligament)
Term
Boxer’s fx is a fracture of
Definition
5th M.C
Term
Bennetts fracture is a fracture of
Definition
1st metacarpal base
Term
Gamekeepers thumb
Definition
mcp joint sprain of UCL usually due to hyperabduction or extension
Term
Dorsiflexion injury of the tearing of the volar plate
Definition
MCP dislocation
Term
avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus, hyperextension injury
Definition
jersey finger
Term
ulnar stress to a flexed MCP
Definition
collateral ligament injury
Term
the lateral collateral ligament stress test of the elbow has 3 other names
Definition
radio collateral ligament, varus stress test, adduction stress test
Term
Erb Duchene palse is loss of what 2 nerve roots and shows what sign?
Definition
Loss of C5, C6 and shows waiter tip sign
Term
Saturday night palsy aka ___ aka ___ shows what motor weakness
Definition
Radial neuropathy, or crutch pasly- wealk arm ectensor and hand and finger extensor and forearm
Term
Cheralgia pare paresthetc also known as ____ shows what sensory deficit
Definition
Wartenburg paresthetica dorsal 5, 4, 3 and ½ of second
Term
Fracture of the inferior lip of the glenoid fossa
Definition
bankart lesion
Term
intra articular fracture of the radial styloid
Definition
chauffeur (hutchinson)
Term
distal radius fracture with distal radio-ulnar dislocation
Definition
galeazzi
Term
base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb fx
Definition
gamekeeper
Term
incomplete long bone fx in children
Definition
greenstick
Term
indentation fx of posteriolateral aspect of humeral head
Definition
hill sachs lesion
Term
avulsion fx of base of distal phalanx
Definition
mallet finger
Term
proximal ulna fx with dislocation of the head of the radius
Definition
monteggia
Term
distal radius fx with anterior displacement of distal fragment
Definition
smith
Term
decrease or absence of the neurovascular bundle by a spastic hypertophied scalenus anterior muscle

rotation compresses the subclavian artery and brachial plexus
Definition
adsons TOS
Term
forcing the ribs posterior will decrease the space between the clavicle and the 1st rib. Axillary vein and neurovascular bundle runs through the clavicle and the 1st rib
Definition
Edens costoclavicular test
Term
axillary artery/vein, and the three cords of the plexus run under pectoralis minor and the coracoid process and compresses with this test
Definition
wrights test
Term
traction will pull the NV bundle over the 1st rib, extension of the neck will tighten the scalene muscle, decrease pulse indicates 1st rib subluxation or cervical rib
Definition
halstead
Term
narrowing of the costoclavicular interval with a tightened anterior scalene muscle will cause impingement and weakness
Definition
Roos
Term
coracoid pressure syndrome causes costoclavicular membrane pressure with pectoralis minor
Definition
Shoulder compression test
Term
end feel pain prevents full ROM
Definition
spasm
Term
Mechanical blockage end range occurs before full ROM as seen in a torn labrum, OA
Definition
Springy Block or Rebound
Term
Acute painful process prevents end range as seen in bursitis
Definition
Empty
Term
End feel with a + ligament stability test where there is capsular ligament damage
Definition
Loose
Term
pain before end range
Definition
acute
Term
pain at the same time as end range (stretch, mobilization)
Definition
subacute
Term
pain felt after end range (stretch, manipulation)
Definition
chronic
Term
end range stretch is not painful but contraction is painful what structure is involved
Definition
tendon
Term
example of bony end feel
Definition
full elbow extension
Term
most fractured bone in the upper extremity
Definition
clavicle
Term
disease with avascular necrosis
Definition
keinbocks
Term
radial tunnel damage will cause
Definition
wrist drop
Term
this entrapment will cause hypothenar wasting
Definition
tunnel of guyon
Term
saltar harris type one lesion is tested with
Definition
empty can
Term
saltar harris type one lesion is a
Definition
split of the growth plate
Term
resisting pronation or finger flexion and passive elbow flexion will test the
Definition
median nerve
Term
resisting supination or wrist extension will test the
Definition
radial nerve
Term
passive elbow flexion will test the
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
wrist drop will test the ___ nerve
Definition
radial
Term
claw hand will show deficient
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
ape hand or non opposed thumb will be a deficiency in
Definition
the median nerve
Term
dead arm syndrome is known as
Definition
PSGI
Term
Joint lesion where the passive ROM is normal
Definition
Extra articular
Term
Joint lesion where the passive and active are decreased
Definition
intra articular
Term
lesion with crepitus, popping, grinding,
Definition
SLAP, bankart, hill sachs
Term
what type of joint is the wrist joint
Definition
elipsoid
Term
what type of joint is the thumb joint
Definition
saddle joint
Term
what 3 muscles insert at the greater tubercle
Definition
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
Term
nerve supply of the subscapularis
Definition
axillary
Term
this nerve damage will cause a benediction hand
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
this flexion deformity will cause an inability to extend the finger actively
Definition
mallet finger
Term
this will cause unilateral joint space narrowing
Definition
OA of the GH joint
Term
this will cause bilateral uniform joint space narrowing
Definition
RA
Term
The degrees of a painful arc are
Definition
70-110 degrees
Term
this test will reduce apprehension and confirm stability
Definition
relocation test
Term
best test for little league shoulder is
Definition
empty can test
Term
the sensitivity for type 2 slap lesions are highest with
Definition
active compression and hawkins kennedy test
Term
finkelsteins test stresses
Definition
the superficial branch of the radial nerve
Term
pronator syndrome compresses the
Definition
median nerve
Term
most common entrapment of the pronator teres
Definition
between the two heads of pronator teres and flexor digitorum superficialis
Term
anterior interosseous syndrome compresses the
Definition
motor branch of the median nerve
Term
anterior interosseous syndrome causes weakness in
Definition
flexor pollicus longus, pronator quadratus, and flexor digitorum profundus of the 2nd and 3rd fingers
Term
what are the structures that consist of the cubital tunnel
Definition
floor is the medial trochlea, ulnar collateral ligament, and the roof is the triangular arcuate ligament (bridge to FCU)
Term
what are the stuctures that make up the tunnel of guyon
Definition
pisohamate ligament, FCU tendon
Term
in cherialgia paresthetica the superficial radial nerve is susceptible to trauma between what structures
Definition
extensor carpi radialis longus and brachioradials tinels test over dorsalateral wrist will reproduce symptoms
Term
intersection syndrome has the most pain where
Definition
2" proximal to wrist dorsally
Term
stiffness in the pinky and the ring finger is known as
Definition
deputeton contracture
Term
cheralgia parastetica is known as ___ and shows sensory deficit in
Definition
wartenburg paresthetica; dorsal 1/2 of the 2nd and all of 3-5
Term
Pain in the first part of obrians indicates
Definition
slap lesion
Term
dull aching pain over the lateral forearm is indicative of
Definition
radial tunnel syndrome
Term
sensory loss of the upper half of the medial forearm and the medial portion of the upper arm is referring to what neurologic level
Definition
T1 (disc t1-t2)
Term
sensory loss that is from the lateral arm from the shoulder to the elbow is referring to an HNP from
Definition
c4-c5 (level c5)
Term
sensory loss Lateral forearm, thumb, index finger and one half of the middle finger.
Definition
c6 (disc c5-c6)
Term
sensory loss Middle finger
Definition
c7 (disc c6-c7)
Term
sensory loss Ring and little fingers of the hand and distal half of the forearm.
Definition
c8 (disc c7-t1)
Term
the first 90 degrees of shoulder abduction is done by
Definition
the GH joint
Term
2nd most common tear of the rotator cuff
Definition
infraspinatus
Term
pt with a triangular fibrocartilage injury will have pain location and age
Definition
distal end of the ulna and over 30
Term
what is the mildest form of peripheral nerve lesions
Definition
neuropraxia
Term
what muscle is the most likely to be involved in medial epicondylitis
Definition
flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris, palmaris longus
Term
lateral epicondylitis is caused by activities that are involved in
Definition
forceful wrist extension
Term
what is enthesis
Definition
the point that ligaments, tendons, and joint capsule are inserted into bone
Term
The nerve that is important for power grip is the
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
Precision grip is innervated by the ___ nerve
Definition
median
Term
Anterior interosseous syndrome is compression of the ___ between the ___ and ___-
Definition
median nerve; between the pronator teres and flexor digitorum superficialis
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