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Shoulder
Structures of the shoulder.
82
Anatomy
Professional
09/13/2009

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Term
What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
Definition
scapula, clavicle and sternum
Term
What is the first bone to begin to ossify and the last bone to complete ossification?
Definition
Clavicle
Term
At what age does the clavicle begin to ossify?
Definition
5-7 weeks
Term
At what age does the clavicle end ossification?
Definition
21 years
Term
What two bones does the clavicle articulate with?
Definition
sternum medially and acromion laterally
Term
What is the purpose of the clavicle?
Definition
to transmit shock from the axial skeleton
Term
What makes the clavicle unique?
Definition
It ossifies within cartilage, it has medial and lateral extemities and has no marrow or medullary cavity.
Term
What does the clavicle consist of?
Definition
spongy bone with a shell of compact bone
Term
What attaches to the clavicle?
Definition
sternoclavicular, interclavicular, costoclavicular, coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular
Term
What does the anterior border of the lateral one third of the shaft give rise to?
Definition
origin of the deltiod
Term
What does the posterior border of the lateral one third of the shaft give rise to?
Definition
insertion to the trapezius
Term
What do the conoid tubercle and the trapezius ridge give attachment to?
Definition
coracoclavicular ligament
Term
The anterior surface of the medial two thirds of the shaft gives origin to what?
Definition
Pectoralis major
Term
the rough superior surface of the medial two thirds of the shaft gives origin to what?
Definition
the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid.
Term
The oval impression on the inferior surface at the medial end of the clavicle gives attachment to what?
Definition
costoclavicular ligament
Term
The subclavian groove gives insertion to what muscle?
Definition
subclavian
Term
The scapula does not participate in the formation of what?
Definition
thoracic cage
Term
How many surfaces are on the scapule? name them?
Definition
2, dorsal and ventral
Term
How many notches are on the scapula and what are they called?
Definition
2, superior scapular and spinoglenoid
Term
How many borders does the scapula have and what are they?
Definition
3- superior, medial, lateral
Term
How many angles does the scapula have and what are they?
Definition
3-superior,medial, lateral
Term
How many processes does the scapula have and what are they?
Definition
3- spine, acromion, coracoid
Term
How many fossa does the scapula have and what are they?
Definition
3- supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapula
Term
How many articulations does the scapula have and what are they?
Definition
3- acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular, glenohumeral
Term
What are the ligaments that attach to the scapula?
Definition
acroioclavicular, coracoclavicular, glenohumeral, superior transverse scapular, spinoglenoid (inferior transverse scapular), and costocoracoid (part of the clavipectoral fascia)
Term
How many muscles attach to the scapula?
Definition
18
Term
What muscles attach to the superior angle of the scapula?
Definition
Levator Scapulae
Term
What muscles attach to the inferior angle of the scapula?
Definition
Teres minor, Latissimus dorsi
Term
What muscles attach to the medial border of the scapula?
Definition
rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior
Term
What muscles attach to the supraspinous fossa of the scapula?
Definition
supraspinatous
Term
What muscles attach to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula?
Definition
infraspinatous, teres major
Term
What muscles attach to the subscapular fossa of the scapula?
Definition
subscapularis
Term
What muscles attach to the inferior spine of scapula?
Definition
deltoid
Term
What muscles attach to the superior glenoid tubercle of scapula?
Definition
long head of biceps
Term
What muscles attach to inferior glenoid tubercle of scapula?
Definition
long head of triceps
Term
What muscles attach to the coracoid process?
Definition
short head of biceps, coracobrachialis, and pectoralis minor
Term
What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major?
Definition
Origin-anterior surface of clavicle (anterior surface of medial two thirds of shaft of clavicle)
Insertion- lateral lip of bicipital groove
Term
What is the origin and insertion of pectoralis minor?
Definition
Origin-upper margins and outer surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs
Insertion-medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process
Term
What are the origin and insertion of the deltoid?
Definition
Origin-Anterior fibers: from the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral clavicle.
Middle fibers: from the lateral margin and upper surface of the acromion
Posterior fibers: from the lower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula, as far back as the triangular surface at its medial end.
Insertion-deltoid tuberosity on the lateral shaft of the humerous
Term
How many origins does the deltoid have?
Definition
3-anterior, middle, and posterior.
Term
Where does the anterior deltoid originate?
Definition
anterior border and upper surface of the lateral clavicle.
Term
Where does the middle deltoid originate?
Definition
lateral margin and upper surface of the acromion
Term
Where does the posterior origin for the deltoid?
Definition
ower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula
Term
Where does the latissimus dorsi originate?
Definition
spinous processes of thoracic T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula
Term
Where does the latissimus dorsi insert?
Definition
floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
Term
Where does the levator scapulae originate and insert?
Definition
Origin-Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae
Insertion - Superior part of medial border of scapula
Term
Where does the Teres Minor originate and insert?
Definition
Origin- lateral border of the scapula
Insertion- inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus
Term
Where does the teres major originate and insert?
Definition
Origin- posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion- medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Term
Where does the rhomboid minor originate and insert?
Definition
Origin- nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7 to T1 vertebrae
Insertion- medial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle
Term
Where does the rhomboid major originate and insert?
Definition
Origin- spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae
Insertion- medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle
Term
Where does the trapezius originate and insert?
Definition
Origin- external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
Insertion- lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula
Term
Where does the long head of biceps insert?
Definition
insertion- radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm
Term
What two muscles originate in the coracoid process?
Definition
short head of biceps and coracobrachialis
Term
What are the origin and insertion of the infraspinatous?
Definition
Origin- infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion- middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus
Term
What are the origin and insertion of the supraspinatous?
Definition
Origin- supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion- superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Term
What is the origin and insertion of the subscapularis?
Definition
Origin- subscapular fossa
Insertion- lesser tubercle of humerus
Term
What bursa are associated with the scapula?
Definition
subscapular and subacromial
Term
The subscapular bursae communicates with shoulder joint/ subdeltoid bursae?
Definition
shoulder joint
Term
The subacromial bursae communicates with the shoulder joint/subdeltoid bursae?
Definition
subdeltoid bursae
Term
What ligament deepens the articular cavity of glenohumeral joint and protects the edges of the bone?
Definition
glenoidal labrum (glenoid ligament)
Term
What is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb?
Definition
humerus
Term
What are the three parts of the humerus?
Definition
upper, shaft, lower
Term
What does the anatomical neck of the humerus join?
Definition
margin of articular surface of the head
Term
What does the anatomical neck give attachement to?
Definition
capsular ligament of the shoulder joint, except at the intertubercular sulcus where the long head of the tendon of the biceps emerges
Term
Where is the surgical neck of the humerus?
Definition
just below the tubercles
Term
What two important structures lie medial to the surgical neck?
Definition
axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery
Term
What are the contents of the intertubercular sulcus?
Definition
long head of the biceps brachii tendon, synovial sheath of the biceps, ascending branch of the anterior circumflex humeral artery
1. long head of biceps brachii tendon
2. synovial sheath of biceps
3. circumflex humeral artery
Term
What muscles (3 muscles, one ligament) attach to the greater tuberosity?
Definition
supraspinatus (superior part)
infraspinatus (medial part)
teres minor (inferior part)
transverse ligament of the shoulder joint is attached to the medial margin.
Term
What muscles (1 muscle, 1 ligament) attach to the lesser tubercle?
Definition
subscapularis
transverse ligament of the shoulder joint
Term
What muscles attach to the intertubercular sulucus?
Definition
pec major- lateral lip
latissimus dorsi- floor
teres major- medial lip
Term
What muscles attach to the anterior surface of the humerus?
Definition
coracobrachialis- below the midpoint of the medial border.
deltoid- above the midpoint of lateral border
brachialis arises from the anterolateral and anteromedial surface of the lower half of the shaft of the humerus.
Term
What muscles attach to the posterior surface of the humerus?
Definition
1. Lateral head of triceps brachii- arises from oblique ridge
2. medial head of triceps brachii arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Term
What arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?
Definition
long head of triceps brachii
Term
Where does the medial head of the triceps brachii arise from?
Definition
area below the radial groove
Term
What two fossa on the anterior side of the distal end of the humerus are for what?
Definition
radius and coronoid process
Term
What is the fossa at the posterior distal end of the humerus for?
Definition
olecranon of the ulna
Term
The medial epicondyle of the humerus is grooved for what?
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
What are the neurovascular bundles associated with the upper limbs?
Definition
axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
radian nerve and profunda brachii
median nerve and brachial artery
ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery
musculocutaneous
Term
The shoulder joint is composed of what three bones
Definition
clavicle, scapula, humerus
Term
What two joints facilitate shoulder movement?
Definition
acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint
Term
The shoulder is the most moveable joint in the body, this also makes it the most stable/unstable?
Definition
unstable
Term
Why is the shoulder joint easily subject to injury?
Definition
the ball of the humerus is larger than the shoulder socket that holds it.
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