Term
| In 1942, there was a peak of ___ million head of sheep. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most sheep growers have (small/large) flocks of ___ head or less, usually as their (primary/secondary) enterprise. |
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Definition
| Small flocks, 50 head or less, Secondary enterprise |
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Term
| ___% of western sheep producers have flocks > 50 head. |
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Definition
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Term
| What two states contain the highest number of sheep? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 valuable properties of wool. |
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Definition
| 1) Water resistant, 2) Insulation, 3) Breathable, 4) Elastic, 5) Strong, 6) Felting properties |
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Term
| What are the 3 primary factors that wool is evaluated by? |
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Definition
| 1) Condition (Shrink), 2) Grade (Diameter), 3) Staple Length (Fiber Length) |
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Term
| "Character" of wool refers to what? |
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Definition
| Even, distinct crimping and parallel arrangement of fibers. |
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Term
| "Uniformity" of wool refers to what? |
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Definition
| Fiber length and diameter. More uniform fibers require less sorting. |
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Term
| What happens to black fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the U.S. Blood System? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the "condition" of wool refer to? |
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Definition
| The % of wool remaining after scouring 45-65% shrink |
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Term
| What does the "grade" of wool refer to? |
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Definition
| The number of Hanks from spinning 1 pound of clean wool. Affected by the diameter of the fiber and its amount of crimp. |
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Term
| Which is shorter: fine wool or coarse wool? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Wastiness" of wool refers to what? |
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Definition
| Fraying at the ends of the fibers due to second cuts. |
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Term
| What are the 7 steps of wool production? |
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Definition
| 1) Shearing, 2) Tying, 3) Grading, 4) Packaging, 5) Storage, 6) Marketing, 7) Manufacturing |
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Term
| Wool prior to manufacturing which contains lanolin and dirt. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of removing grease from wool. |
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Definition
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Term
| The greasy substance in wool is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| During manufacturing, wool is dried to ___% moisture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Burlap sacks used for storage can hold about ___ fleeces, or ____ to ____ pounds of wool. |
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Definition
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Term
| Wool has a very (long/short) storage time. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of converting wool into longer, finer fibers used for apparel. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of converting wool into shorter, thicker fibers to be primarily used in flannels and tweeds. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of combing and symmetrically aligning fibers. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Merino, 2) Rambouillet, 3) Targhee, 4) Southdown |
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Term
| List 8 medium wool breeds. |
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Definition
| 1) Corriedale, 2) Columbia, 3) Romeldale, 4) Dorset, 5) Shropshire, 6) Hampshire, 7) Suffolk, 8) Cheviot |
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Term
| A medium wool breed is __ to __ blood, according to the Blood System. |
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Definition
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Term
| List three long wool breeds. |
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Definition
| 1) Romney, 2) Cotswold, 3) Lincoln |
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Term
| An animal produced by crossing a long wool breed with a fine wool breed in order to improve carcass quality and length of wool fiber. |
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Definition
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Term
| A breed classification characterized by coarse, wiry, tough fleece and a fiber length up to 13 inches. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two jobs performed by purebred breeders? |
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Definition
| 1) Provide seed stock to the commercial lamb producer, 2) Work on providing progressive genetics |
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Term
| What are two jobs performed by commercial lamb producers? |
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Definition
| 1) Produce market lambs (if forage/grain is available for finishing), 2) Produce feeder lambs for feedlots |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a commercial feedlot in the sheep industry? |
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Definition
| Add additional weight and finish (fat) appropriate for marketing. |
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Term
| What is the market weight for sheep? |
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Definition
| 80-140 lbs (depends on breed) |
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Term
| How long is the estrous cycle in sheep? |
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Definition
| Slightly more than 16 days |
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Term
| How long does estrus last in sheep? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is gestation in sheep? |
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Definition
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Term
| What schedule do sheep reproduce on? |
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Definition
| Sheep are seasonal breeders (Fall and Winter) |
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Term
| Breeds noted for good reproductive efficiency, wool production, milking ability and longevity. They usually have white faces and fine to medium wool. |
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Definition
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Term
| Meat type breeds noted for fast growth rate and good carcass characteristics. They typically have black faces. |
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Definition
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Term
| When it comes to digestion, sheep are ______ animals. |
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Definition
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Term
| Are sheep grazers or browsers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unlike beef and pork, what quality does lamb meat have that makes it difficult to harvest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lamb meat is high in ____ (long/short) chained fatty acids, which affects its flavor profile. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the primary cause of a dramatic crash in sheep production in the U.S.? |
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Definition
| The usage of mutton in World War II rations |
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Term
| Feeding sheep by-products to cattle resulted in what? |
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Definition
| It is now illegal to feed ruminant by-products to other ruminants. |
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Term
| What are four production limitations in the sheep industry? |
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Definition
| 1) Seasonality, 2) Predation, 3) Parasites, 4) Diseases |
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Term
| A disease that occurs in late pregnancy/early lactation, often to ewes carrying triplets. It involves rapid catabolism of body fat and dietary energy deficiency. |
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Definition
| Ketosis ("Pregnancy Disease") |
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Term
| There is a national eradication program to remove what disease from the sheep industry? |
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Definition
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Term
| This parasite damages the liver and causes bleeding. The snail is an intermediate host. |
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Definition
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Term
| This parasite sucks the blood of an animal and results in extreme anemia and death without treatment. |
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Definition
| Red Stomach Worm (Haemonchus) |
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Term
| ___% of U.S. lamb and mutton consumed is imported. |
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Definition
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Term
| The per capita consumption of lamb and mutton in the United States is ____ lb/person. |
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Definition
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Term
| What two countries does imported lamb and mutton come from? |
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Definition
| 1) Australia, 2) New Zealand |
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