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| a government in which the citizens rule through elected representatives. |
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| the belief that government should be based on the consent of the people. |
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| articles of confederation |
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| a document, adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the new United States. |
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| an alliance permitting states or nations to act together on matters of mutual concern. |
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| a law that established a plan for surveying and selling the federally owned lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
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| northwest ordinance of 1785 |
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| a law that established a procedure for the admission of new states to the Union. |
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| three stages to becoming a state (northwest ordinance) |
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| 1. Congress would appoint a territorial governor and judges. ; 2. Territory had 5,000 voting residents = the settlers could write a temporary constitution and elect their own government. ; 3. Total population of a territory = 60,000 free inhabitants -> settlers could write a state constitution, which had to be approved by Congress. |
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| Confederation's greatest achievements |
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| NW Ordinance & Land Ordinance |
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| uprising of debt-ridden MA farmers protesting increased state taxes in 1787 |
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| leader who helped call a meeting of state delegates to discuss issues of interstate trade |
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| a political leader from CT who suggested the "great compromise" |
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| offered a 2-house congress to satisfy small & large states -> equal rep in Senate ; size of pop would determine amount in HOR |
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| Constitution Convention's agreement to count 3/5 of a state's slaves of population for purposes of representation & taxation |
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| a political system in which a nat'l gov & constituent units, such as state govs, share power |
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| prevents any branch of the US gov from dominating the other two branches |
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| group selected by the states to elect the president & vice-president, in which each state's # of electors is equal to the # of its senators & representatives in Congress |
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| official approval of constitution/amendment by states |
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| supporters of the constitution & of a strong nat'l gov |
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| opponents of the constitution & of a strong nat'l gov |
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| a series of 85 essays defending the constitution (1787-1788) |
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| the first 10 amendments to US constitution consisting of formal list of citizens rights & freedoms |
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| why did the new states prefer a republic rather than a democracy for their government? |
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| they believed that a democracy placed too much power in the hands of the uneducated masses |
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| why did the states fear a strong central government? |
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| b/c they were scared that their rights would be taken away |
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| in what ways was the confederation too weak to handle the nation's problems? |
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| lack of power to tax to get $ for paying off debts, lack of 'equal' representation from states, lack of support from states brought foreign-relation problems |
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| what issues and events led to the Constitutional Convention? |
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| shay's rebellion, trade b/w states, debts |
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| in what ways did compromise play a critical role in the drafting of the Constitution? |
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| got to the great compromise & the 3/5 compromise |
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| why was the slave trade an issue at the Constitutional Convention? |
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| b/c they had decided that representation would be based on population, so the question was "should slaves be counted towards the pop.?" |
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| briefly explain the separation of powers established by the Constitution. |
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| leg - make laws, exec - carry out, judicial - interpret laws |
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| what were the arguments against ratifying the Constitution? (name 5 of 9) |
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| anti: lack of indv rights, gov would abuse power of central gov, feared president had too much power, army will protect power of pres, wealthy will rule, taxes will rise, gov will service minority & ignore majority, loss of state control & power, doubt that a single gov could manage large country |
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| what were the arguments for ratifying the Constitution? (5, name all) |
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| fed: can granted only limited powers to nat'l gov, people had power to protect rights thru reps, checks & balance, balance of power, people's rights are protected by state gov & representatives |
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| what was The Federalist and what effect did this publication have on ratification? |
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| series of essays that provided an explanation of the constitutional provisions. they helped ratify NH & VA & NY |
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| why did the states ratify the Constitution once a bill of rights was promised? |
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| states said they would only ratify the constitution if something was protecting their indv rights |
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| leader who created 3/5 compromise |
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| three biggest issues for ratification |
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| 1. power (state vs national); 2. representation (large states vs small states); 3. slavery (pop, rep, N vs S) |
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| what was the solution to the issue of power (state vs national)? |
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| federalism and three branches w/ checks & balances |
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| what was the solution to the issue of representation (large state vs small state)? |
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| great compromise - upper house elected by state leg (equal rep) and lower house elected by people (population) |
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| what was the solution to the issue of slavery (pop, rep, N vs S)? |
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| 3/5 compromise & constitution says congress cannot touch slave trade issue for 20 years |
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| top 3 antifederalists & locations... *hands and legs* |
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| patrick henry (VA), sam adams (MA), rich henry lee (VA) |
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| top 4 federalists... *well mouth hand "jay-jay"* |
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| g. washington (va), james madison (va), alex hamilton (ny), john jay (ny) |
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| which type of people supported antifeds? |
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| rural workers and craft workers |
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| which type of people supported feds? |
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| urban workers, merchants & laborers, lawyers, bankers, large business landowners |
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