Term
| (First) Sino-Japanese War, 1894-95 |
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Definition
Rivalry with China over Korea.
In 1984 a disturbance in Korean court lead to both armies moving in.
Both countries had been fighting over Korea for a long time.
Ended with the Treaty of Shimonoseki, 1895 |
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Term
| Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895) |
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Definition
ended the First Sino-JP War.
Was an enormous success for Japan,
Gave independence to Korea (from China)
Liatung peninsula (tip of Manchuria) was given to japan
Formosa (Taiwan) and the Pescadores (islands off W. Coast of Taiwan) given as a "gift" to Japan.
360 million yen indemnity given to Japan, allowed Japan to go on the "gold standard"
Unequal treaty with China, Japan joined great powers in China.
Beginnings of a Colonial empire for Japan. First colonies were established.
The turning point in how Japan felt about China....earlier they had lots of respect
Also, created a "war fever" where there was very little opposition to domestic programs, etc...
Created inflated expectations from the JP people (why didn't we get China as a colony?)
Main diplomatic goal: renegotiation of treaties |
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Term
| Okakura Tenshin, The Book of Tea 1906 |
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Definition
Was an art collector, writer, etc.
“The average Westerner, in his sleek complacency, will see in the tea-ceremony but another instance of the thousand and one oddities which constitute the quaintness and childishness of the East to him. He was wont to regard Japan as barbarous while she indulged in the gentle arts of peace; he calls her civilized since she began to commit wholesale slaughter on Asian [Manchurian] battlefields.”
a long essay linking the role of tea (Teaism) to the aesthetic and cultural aspects of Japanese life.
Addressed to a western audience, it was originally written in English and is one of the great English Tea classics.
Recognized that Japan had become a modern, civilized power. No longer a "barbarian" country. Pointed at the irony/hipocracy of Western definition of "barbarianism" |
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Term
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Definition
Russia, France, Germany.
Wanted Japan to retrocede (give back) the Liaotung peninsula.
Why? Period of high imperialism...scramble for Africa after Africa, China is seen as the next place for opportunity. They said that if Japan said no, France and Germany would join Russia to reoccupy the peninsula with "Gunboat negotiations" |
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Term
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Definition
1902-1922, alliance between England and Japan. Both sides agreed to give military aid to the other if they are attacked by 2 or more parties.
England was anti-Russia at this point. For Japan, they had a new "military umbrella"
Caused Japan to relax vs. Russia, and Russia then moved into Korea after they took the L. Peninsula...
Japan was VERY angered...Russian diplomats did not want to negotiate, and both sides prepared for war. 1904: War breaks out - Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) |
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Term
| Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) |
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Definition
Escalation of tensions w/ Russia in Korea and the Laiotung Peninsula.
Main battles: Siege of Port Arthur (7 month siege, JP victoy). Battle of Mukden, Battle of Tsushima Straights.
Battle of T.S.: Naval battle, Rusia sent ships from the Baltic sea all the way around the world to get to Japan.
After this battle, they decided to bargain. Neither side was "crushed" but both were exhausted.
Was a VERY costly war for both sides (money and casualites).
Ended with the treaty of portsmouth, 1905 |
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Term
| Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905 |
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Definition
Ended the Russo-JP war. Mediated by T.R.
JP gained a protectorate over Korea (annexed 1910).
JP gains Russian leasehold in Liaotung peninsula.
-The leased territories including Port Arthur, Dairen become footholds for JP into China.
Russia gave Japan lower half of RR in Manchuria.
-South Manchuria Railway
Kwandung Army
-Permanent garrison army by Japan in Manchuria. Played important roll that started fights between Japan and Chin in the 1930s.
All battles broke in JPs favor
Vaulted JP to Great Power Status
Powerful legacy
Costs: 100k+ dead, 400k+ wounded in combat, cost: $2bil yen, ~9 times the cost of Sino-JP war. JP went into huge debt. |
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