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Sensory
A&P
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/11/2015

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the pineal gland important for?
Definition
Involving in regulation the body's biological clock, produces melatonin.
Term
Which lobes of the cerebral cortex are involved in language function.
Definition
Frontal, parietal, and temoral lobes
Term
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is important for memory function?
Definition
Temporal, parietal, occipital
Term
What are the two major divisions of the central nervous system?
Definition
Brain, spinal cord
Term
Understand the meninges and spaces that exist between and around the meninges?
Definition

Meninges: dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Spaces between: epidural space, subdural space, subarachnoid space

Term
Where are non vital reflexes located in the brain?
Definition
Brainstem
Term
Understand the structures and functions of the diencephalon
Definition
Consists of several structures located around the third ventricle; thalamus, hypothalamus, optic chiasma, pineal gland, and several others
Term
How many lobes are in the cerebral hemisphere?
Definition
5; frontal , parietal, temporal, occipital, insula (island of reil)
Term
What does the nervous system and central nervous system consist of?
Definition

NS: brain, spinal cord, nerves

CNS: brain, spinal cord 

Term
Where is the spinal cord located?
Definition
Lies w/in the spinal cavity, extends from the foramen magnum to the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra forming the conus medullaris
Term
What are sulci?
Definition
Shallow grooves
Term
What is the largest part of the brain?
Definition
Cerebrum
Term
Understand sensory neurons
Definition
Conduct impulses to spinal cord or brain
Term
How many ventricles are in the brain and where are they?
Definition

4.... 1st & 2nd: one located in each hemisphere of cerebral

3rd: vertical pocket of fluid below & medial to the lateral ventricles 

4th: tiny, diamond shaped space where the cerebellum attaches to the back of the brain stem

Term
How is cerebrospinal fluid formed?
Definition
Occurs by separation of fluid from blood in the choroid plexuses
Term
What structures are included in the brainstem?
Definition
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Term
What part of the brain releases melatonin?
Definition
Pineal gland
Term
Understand the limbic system
Definition

Emotions: Subjective experiencing and objective expressing of emotions involve functioning of the limbic system which lie on the medial surface of the cerebrum


Limbic system: "emotional brain"

Term
The nervous system consists of?
Definition
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Term
Nervous system subdivided into?
Definition
Central nervous system (cns), peripheral nervous system (pns)
Term
CNS?
Definition
Consists of brain and spinal cord
Term
Sympathetic division
Definition
Involved in preparing the body to deal with immediate threats to the internal environment,  "fight or flight" response
Term
Parasympathetic division
Definition
Coordinates the body's normal resting activities ; "rest and repair" division
Term
Neurons
Definition
Excitable cells that initiate and conduct impulses that make possible all nervous system functions
Term
Afferent (sensory) neurons
Definition
Conduct impulses to spinal cord or brain
Term
Axon
Definition
A single process extending from the axon hillock, sometimes covered by a fatty layer called a myelin sheath
Term
Dura mater
Definition
Inner periosteum of he cranial bones
Term
Arachnoid mater
Definition
Delicate, cobweb like layer between the dura mater and pia mater
Term
Subdural space
Definition
Located between the dura mater and arachnoid mater;contains lubricating serous fluid
Term
Subarachnoid space
Definition
Located between the arachnoid and pia mater ; contains a significant amount of CSF
Term
Ventricles
Definition
Four
Term
Fourth ventricle
Definition
Tiny, diamond shaped space where the cerebellum attaches to the back of the brain stem
Term
Formation and circulation of CSF
Definition
Occurs by separation of fluid from blood in the choroid plexuses
Term
Spinal cord
Definition

(does not completely fill the spinal cavity)

extends from the foramen magnum to the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra forming the conus medullaris)

Term
Nerve roots
Definition

a) Fibers of dorsal nerve root

b) Fibers of ventral nerve root

Term
Fibers of dorsal nerve root
Definition
Carry sensory info into the spinal canal (back)
Term
Fibers of ventral nerve root
Definition
Carry motor info out of the spinal cord (front)
Term
Structures of the brainstem
Definition
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Term
Medulla oblongata
Definition
Lowest part of the brainstem
Term
Pons
Definition
Located above the medulla and below the midbrain
Term
Midbrain
Definition
Located above the pons and below the cerebrum; forms the midsection of the brain
Term
Nonvital relexes
Definition
Vomiting, coughing, sneezing, etc.
Term
Structure of the cerebellum
Definition
Second largest part of the brain; contains more neurons than the rest of the nervous system
Term
Diencephalon
Definition

-Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain

-Consists of several structures located around the third ventricle: thalamus, hypothalamus, optic chiasma, pineal gland, and several others 

Term
Thalamus (plays two paarts in mechanism responsible for sensations)
Definition
impulses produce conscious recognition of the crude, less-critical sensations of pain, temp, and touch
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition

(Forms floor of the third ventricle and lower part of alteral walls)

-Synthesizes hormones secreted by posterior pituitary and plays an essential role in maintaining water balance, mechanism regulating appetite, and maintaining normal body temp

-Plays part in mechanism responsible for emotions by ass. sensory impulses with feelings of pleasantness/ unpleasantness

Term
Pineal gland
Definition

-Located just above the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain

-Involved in regulating the body's biological clock

-Produces melatonin

Melatonin ("sleep hormone") is made from the neurotransmitter serotonin

Term
Cerebrum
Definition
Structure: Largest and uppermost division of the brain; consists of right and left cerebral hemispheres, each divided into five lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula-island of Reil)
Term
Gyri
Definition
Convolutions (a fold or elevation in the surface of the brain)
Term
Sulci
Definition
Shallow grooves
Term
Fissures
Definition
Deeper grooves that divide each cerebral hemisphere into lobes; four are prominent
Term
Longitudinal fissure
Definition
Deepest fissure; divides cerebrum into two hemispheres
Term
Central sulcus (fissure of Rolando)
Definition
Groove between frontal and parietal lobes
Term
Lateral fissure (fissure of Sylvius)
Definition
Groove between temporal lobe below and parietal lobes above; island of Reil lies deep in lateral fissure
Term
Functions of cerebral cortex
Definition

1)Consciousness

2)language- Speech centers: areas in the frontal, parietal, temporal

3)emotions- Functioning of the limbic system

4)memory- Temporal, parietal, occipital lobes are among the areas responsible for short and long term memory

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