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Senses
Lectures
49
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2011

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Term
types of receptors
Definition
free nerve ending, encapsulated nerve endings, separate cells
Term
free nerve ending
Definition
bare dendrite that detects pain, thermal changes, tickle and itch
Term
encapsulated nerve endings
Definition
dendrites enclosed in connective tissue
touch, pressure and vibration
Term
separate receptor cells
Definition
have a synapse with sensory neurons that generate AP
vision, hearing, taste, olfaction
Term
crude touch
Definition
only determines contact with skin
Term
discriminative touch
Definition
determines where, how big, what is is on the skin
meissner's corpuscles, root hair plexus, merkel disks
ruffini corpuscles, lamellated or pacinian corpuscles
Term
meissner corpuscle
Definition
found in dermal papillae
fast acting
40% of receptor in hands
Term
root hair plexus
Definition
free nerve ending wrapped around hair follicle
Term
merkel disks
Definition
free nerve endings located in stratum basale
25% of touch in hands
Term
ruffini corpuscles
Definition
stretch receptor in deep dermis, tendon and ligaments
20% of receptor in hands
Term
lamellated or pacinian
Definition
mechanoreceptors that detect pressure
in skin, muscles, joint capsules and other areas
Term
cold receptors
Definition
in stratum basale
between 50 and 105F
Term
hot receptor
Definition
located in dermis
activated between 90 and 118F
Term
chemoreceptors
Definition
respond to chemicals dissolved in aqueos solution
Term
tatse
Definition
trigger reflexes for digestion, secretion of saliva
Term
taste buds
Definition
found in papillae of tongue, throat larynx
has taste receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells
Term
taste receptor cell
Definition
50 cells that live 10 days
each cell has a hair that projects through a pore in taste bud
Term
supporting cell (taste)
Definition
forms a capsule around receptor cell
Term
basal cell (taste)
Definition
found at base of taste bud, develops into receptor cell
Term
physiology of taste
Definition
chemical contacts receptor and causes transduction and release of neurotransmitter
Term
olfaction
Definition
10 million receptor cells
located in roof of nasal cavity
olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells
Term
olfactory receptor cells
Definition
bipolar neuron
olfactory hair projects from dendrite
Term
supporting cell (olfactory)
Definition
columnar epithelial cells
Term
basal cell (olfactory)
Definition
found at base of epithelium
develops into receptor cells
Term
bowman's glands
Definition
mucus producer in nose
Term
the eye
Definition
divided into anterior and posterior by lens
interior has aqueous humor, posterior has vitreous humor
three layers: fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, sensory tunic
Term
fibrous tunic
Definition
dense avascular connective tissue
sclera, cornea
Term
sclera
Definition
white of the eye
tough and protective
anchors eye muscles
Term
cornea
Definition
anterior portion of fibrous tunic
transparent and has nerve endings for pain
lacks blood vessels
Term
vascular tunic
Definition
pigmented, contains blood vessels
three regions: choroid, ciliary body, iris, lens
Term
choroid
Definition
posterior portion
highly pigmented to absorb light
Term
ciliary body
Definition
thickened ring of tissue
smooth muscle that controls shape of lens
Term
iris
Definition
colored part of the eye
composed of muscle that controls size of pupil
Term
the lens
Definition
biconvex, transparent flexible, focuses light
suspended from the ciliary body
Term
sensory tunic/retina
Definition
has millions of photoreceptors
ganglion, bipolar, and photoreceptor layers
Term
ganglion cell layer
Definition
outer surface of retina
sends impulse to brain
Term
bipolar layer
Definition
layer that generates AP
Term
photoreceptor layer
Definition
absorbs light and transduces it
Term
accommodation of the lens to light
Definition
bends more when viewing close objects, less for far obeject.
autonomic reflex by ciliary muscle
Term
convergence
Definition
makes sure that the light strikes the same place on each retina
Term
physiology of vision
Definition
photoreceptors are stimulated by light
transduces into AP
photoreceptors undergo a change in shape when struck by light.
pass potential to bipolar then to ganglion to thalamus
Term
noise reflex
Definition
takes 60-120ms for reflex
Term
inner ear
Definition
two divisions
bony and membranous labyrinth
Term
bony labyrinth
Definition
contains semicircular canals with balance
cochlea-hearing receptor
vestibule-balance recepotrs
Term
audible range
Definition
20-20,000 Hz
Term
physiology of equilibrium
Definition
static and dynamic equilibrium
Term
vestibular apparatus
Definition
saccule and utricle
Term
saccule and utricle
Definition
receptors for static equilibrium
some for dynamic
Term
semicircular ducts
Definition
dynamic equilibrium receptors
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