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Senses
Lab
57
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/24/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
free nerve endings
Definition
found superficially, in hairy and hairless skin
function: light touch, temp, and pain
Term
hair follicle receptors
Definition
dentrite wrapped around a hair follicle
function: light touch when hair is displaces
Term
meissner's corpuscles
Definition
in the dermal papillae on hairless skin
function: light touch and low freq vibration
Term
merkel's nerve complex
Definition
found in stratum basale of hairy and hairless skin
pressure touch
Term
lamellated or pacinian corpuscles
Definition
in dermis, joint capsules, some viscera, genitals, and breasts
function: high freq vibration, pressure, stretch and tickling
Term
ruffini's cylinders
Definition
in dermis and join capsule
function: pressure touch
Term
supporting cells
Definition
(gustation)
form the capsule surrounding the taste receptor cells
support and protect receptor cells
Term
taste receptor cells
Definition
50 of these in each taste bud
has microvilli=taste hair. this protrudes from apical surface
these are the receptor surface for taste stimuli
Term
basal cells
Definition
found peripherally on base of taste bud
develop into supporting cells and then receptor cells (10 day life)
Term
filiform papillae
Definition
small, spike like projections found on tongue. most abundant, but lack papillae
gives tongue its roughness and aids in food manipulation
Term
foliate papillae
Definition
form parallel bands on sides of posterior 2/3 of tongue. few taste buds
Term
fungiform papillae
Definition
mushroom shaped projections concentrated on tip and sides (5 taste buds)
Term
vallate papillae
Definition
large circular papillae with depression in middle
12 arranged in v shape on back of tongue
(100-300 taste buds)
Term
olfactory epithelium
Definition
two olfactory organs in nasal cavity
Term
lamina propria
Definition
connective tissue beneath the olfactory epithelium
Term
supporting cells
Definition
(olfactory)
columnar epithelial cells found in olfactory epithelium between olfactory receptor cells
Term
olfactory receptor cells
Definition
bipolar neurons in epithelium.
dendrite is enlarged on the surface of epithelium. called "olfactory vesicle" this has cilia that project into mucus.
odor causes depolarization on these hairs.
Term
basal cells
Definition
cells taht replace damaged receptor cells at base of olfactory epithelium
Term
bowman's glands
Definition
mucus glands found in lamina propria that moisten epithelium and dissolves odor molecules
Term
auricle or pinna
Definition
fleshy external ear flap on the side of the head.
collects sound waves and directs them to the inside ear
Term
external auditory canal
Definition
passageway that directs sound waves from auricle to tympanic membrane
Term
tympanic membrane
Definition
eardrum
separates the outer and middle ears. mechanically transfers sound waves to middle ear
Term
ceruminous glands
Definition
secretes ear wax
located at base of hairs that line canal
prevents things from getting to the eardrum
Term
malleus
Definition
ear bone that is attached to the inside of the tympanic membrane. articulates with the incus and transmits vibrations
Term
incus
Definition
ear bone that articulates with malleus and stapes and transmits vibrations
Term
stapes
Definition
ear bone that transmits vibrations from incus to oval window
Term
oval window
Definition
opening between middle and inner ear.
22 times smaller than tympanic membrane which magnifies the vibrations
Term
round window
Definition
opening directly below oval window. covered by secondary tympanic membrane. bulges into middle ear to dissipate the pressure waves within cochlea after detection by inner ear
Term
eustachian tube
Definition
tube that connects middle ear and nasopharynx. equalizes air pressure in middle ear
Term
stapedius
Definition
small skeletal muscle that protects the oval window by dampening vibration of stapes
Term
tensor tympani
Definition
muscle that limits the movement bones and increases tension of tympanic membrane to prevent damage to it during long prolonged noise.
Term
bony labyrinth
Definition
series of interconnected passageways in temporal bone
Term
membranous labyrinth
Definition
interconnected fluid filled tubes found within bony labyrinth
Term
cochlea
Definition
part of bony labyrinth resembling snail shell
contains cochlear duct
Term
cochlear duct
Definition
part of membranous labyrinth found within cochlea. contains hearing receptor cells
Term
vestibule
Definition
part of bony labyrinth containing the saccule and utricle
Term
saccule and utricle
Definition
pair of membranous sacs inside the vestibule that has receptor cells for gravity and linear acceleration
Term
semicircular canals
Definition
part of bony labyrinth that contains the semicircular ducts
Term
semicircular ducts
Definition
three fluid filled ducts inside semicircular canals
oriented at right angles to each other
info on position, acceleration, etc
Term
lacrimal apparatus
Definition
composed of lacrimal gland and lacrimal ducts
moistens eye and washes away foreign substances
Term
conjunctiva
Definition
epithelial covering on inside of eyelid and anterior surface of eye
Term
oblique eye muscles
Definition
superior-rotates eye down and medially
inferior-rotates eye up and medially
Term
rectus eye muscles
Definition
four muscles (superior, inferior, medial, and lateral)
move eye up, down, laterally, medially
Term
sclera
Definition
white of the eye
tough tendon like layer continuous with dura mater of the brain around optic nerve.
insertion point of six eye muscles
Term
cornea
Definition
most anterior layer of eye that is continuous with sclera
transparent for allowing light into eye
well supplied with nerves. lacks blood vessels
Term
choroid
Definition
searates fibrous and sensory tunics
contains capillaries and melanocytes
Term
iris
Definition
beneath cornea. gives us eye color
composed of two layers of pupillary muscles that control diameter
Term
pupil
Definition
round opening of eye
Term
ciliary body
Definition
thick ring of tissue attached to and just beneath the iris.
anchored at margins by choroid.
holds lens in place. contains ciliary muscle that changes the lens shape to focus light
Term
lens
Definition
beneath iris and held in the center of the pupil by suspending ligaments extending from ciliary body
focuses light on retina
Term
retina
Definition
two innermost layers of eye. neural layer contains photoreceptors and neurons that react to light and transmit signals
beneath is pigmented layer that absorbs light that prevents visual echoes
Term
rods
Definition
photoreceptor cells very sensitive to light. enable us to see shaves of gray in dim light
Term
cones
Definition
photoreceptor cells responsible for color vision. 3 types (red, green, blue)
Term
bipolar neurons
Definition
synapse with dendrites of rods and cones. transmit nerve impulses to ganglion cells
Term
ganglion cells
Definition
synapse with axons of bipolar neurons. combine and form the optic nerve
Term
optic disk
Definition
where optic nerve leaves the eye. not covered by the eye. blind spot in the eye
Term
optic nerve
Definition
cranial nerve that transmits visual info to the brain.
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