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Senses
Chapter 9 Exam
59
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/08/2011

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Term
Special Sense Organs
Definition
-large and complex organs
-localized grouping of specialized receptors
Term
General Sense Organs
Definition
-often exist as individual cells or receptor units
-widely distributed throughout the body
Term
Encapsulated
Definition
-presence of covering capsule
Term
Unencapsulated
Definition
-absence of covering capsule
Term
Photoreceptors
Definition
-type of stimuli required for sight
-rods and cones
-vision
Term
Chemoreceptors
Definition
-type of stimuli required for taste and smell
-olfactory cells for smell
-gustatory cells for taste
Term
Pain Receptors(Injury)
Definition
-type of stimuli required for tissue damage
Term
Thermoreceptors
Definition
-type of stimuli required for temperature
Term
Mechanoreceptors
Definition
-type of stimuli required for pressure or touch
-organ of Corti for hearing
-Cristae ampullares for balance
Term
Proprioceptors
Definition
-type of stimuli required for position of body parts or changes in muscle length or tension
Term
Free (Naked) Nerve Endings
Definition
-skin and mucosa (epithelial layers)
-pain, crude touch, temperature, itch, tickle
-unencapsulated
Term
Tactile (Meissner) Corpuscles
Definition
-skin (in papillae of dermis) and fingertips and lips (numerous)
-fine touch and low frequency vibration
Term
Bulbous (Ruffini) Corpuscles
Definition
-skin (dermal layer) and subcutaneous tissue of fingers
-touch and pressure
Term
Lamellar (Pacini) Corpuscles
Definition
-subcutaneous, submucous, and subserous tissues; around joints, in mammary glands and external genitals of both sexes
-pressure and high frequency vibration
Term
Bulboid Corpuscles (Krause End Bulbs)
Definition
-skin (dermal layer), subcutaneous tissue, mucosa of lips and eyelids, and external genitals
-touch
Term
Golgi Tendon Organs
Definition
-near junction of tendons and muscles
-proprioception (sense of muscle tension)
Term
Muscle Spindles
Definition
-skeletal muscles
-proprioception (sense of muscle length)
Term
Sclera
Definition
-tough outer coat
-"white" of eye
-protective connective tissue
Term
Cornea
Definition
-front, clear part
-no blood supply
-heals very quickly
-can get ulcers/lesions
-transparent part of sclera over iris
Term
Conjunctiva
Definition
-mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera in front
Term
Lacrimal Gland
Definition
-produces tears
-keeps conjunctiva moist
Term
Choroid
Definition
-middle layer of eyeball
-pigmented vascular layer
-prevents scattering of light
-made up of two involuntary muscles (ciliary muscle and iris)
Term
Iris
Definition
-pigmented muscular layer
-circular constricts for high light
-longitudinal dilates for low light
Term
Ciliary Muscle
Definition
-controls lens size
Term
Lens
Definition
-magnifying glass
-lies directly behind the pupil
Term
Retina
Definition
-innermost layer of the eyeball
-contains rods and cones
Term
Rods
Definition
-receptors for night vision
-stimulated by dim light
Term
Cones
Definition
-receptors for daytime vision
-stimulated by fairly bright light
Term
Macula Lutea
Definition
-surrounds fovea centralis
Term
Fovea Centralis
Definition
-contains the greatest concentration of cones
Term
Aqueous Humor
Definition
-watery fluid in front of the lens
-located in the anterior chamber of the eye
Term
Vitreous Humor
Definition
-jellylike fluid behind the lens
-located in the posterior chamber of the eye
Term
Visual Pathway
Definition
-innermost layer of retina contains rods and cones
-impulse travels from the rods and cones through the bipolar and ganglionic layers of retina
-nerve impulse leaves eye through optic nerve; point of exit is free of receptors (blind spot)
-visual interpretation occurs in the visual cortex of the cerebrum
Term
External Ear
Definition
-auricle
-external auditory canal
Term
Auricle
Definition
-appendage on the side of the head
-surrounds external auditory canal
Term
External Auditory Canal
Definition
-curving tube about 1 inch in length
-extends into the temporal bone and ends at tympanic membrane
Term
Tympanic Membrane
Definition
-eardrum
-partition between the external and middle ear
Term
Ceruminous Glands
Definition
-produce a waxy substance called cerumen that may collect in the canal and impair hearing by absorbing or blocking the passage of sound waves
Term
Middle Ear
Definition
-ossicles
-oval window
-auditory (eustachian) tube
Term
Ossicles
Definition
-malleus (hammer)
-incus (anvil)
-stapes (stirrup)
Term
Oval Window
Definition
-separates middle ear from inner ear
Term
Auditory (Eustachian) Tube
Definition
-connects the throat with the middle ear
Term
Otitis Media
Definition
-middle ear infection
Term
Inner Ear
Definition
-bony labyrinth
-membranous labyrinth
Term
Bony Labyrinth
Definition
-filled with perilymph
-vestibule
-semicircular canals
-cochlea
Term
Membranous Labyrinth
Definition
-filled with endolymph
Term
Crista Ampullaris
Definition
-specialized receptor which generates a nerve impulse when head moves
Term
Organ of Corti
Definition
-organ of hearing
Term
Taste Buds
Definition
-sense organs of taste
-contani chemoreceptors (gustatory cells)
Term
Papillae
Definition
-larger and differing shaped bumps scattered across the tongue
Term
Taste Sensations
Definition
-sweet (glucose)
-salty (sodium chloride)
-bitter (poisons)
-sour (citric acid)
-metallic (blood)
-umami (savory, delicious, meats)
Term
Smell Receptors
Definition
-olfactory cells
Term
Olfactory Cells
Definition
-extremely sensitive
-adapt easily
Term
Presbyopia
Definition
-oldsightedness
Term
Visual Acuity
Definition
-clearness or sharpness of visual perception
Term
Macular Degeneration
Definition
-central vision diminishes
Term
Cataract
Definition
-lens becomes hard
-loses transparency
-becomes milky in appearance
-can be removed surgically
Term
Myopia
Definition
-nearsightedness
-concave
-too short and wide
Term
Hyperopia
Definition
-farsightedness
-convex
-too tall and skinny
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