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Semester 1 Exam
N/A
52
Anatomy
12th Grade
01/03/2013

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Cards

Term
What is the longest bone in the body?
Definition
Femur (upper thigh bone)
Term
How many bones are there in the body? Why might this number vary?
Definition
206, because sesamoid bones (small nodules) nay or may not develop as extras
Term
What is the name of the one moveable skull bone?
Definition
Mandible
Term
What are two types of ossification? Briefly compare the two.
Definition
Intramembranous- occurs within membrane, includes flat bones of skull, lower jaw, clavicle, osteoblasts put down spicules, which then form into spongy bones. surface of new bone covered in periosteum, osteoblasts form layer of compact bone

endochondral- more common and complex, occur within cartilage
Term
List and describe two skeletal disorders.
Definition
arthritis- inflammation of joints

osteoporosis- bone loss due to low calcium intake, lack of exercise, decrease in estrogen
Term
List 4 functions of the skeletal system.
Definition
1. support/protection
2. body movement
3. blood cell formation
4. storage of inorganic salts
Term
Describe 2 differences between male and female skeletons.
Definition
The female's coccyx is more moveable and their pelvic bones are lighter and thinner. The pubic arch is at more of an angle and the pelvic girdle is too. Helps child birth.
Term
List 6 types of joints (articulations) and give an example of each.
Definition
1. ball and socket- hip and shoulder
2. condyloid- between metacarpals and phalanges
3. gliding- between carsals and tarpals
4. hinge- surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another ie. elbow
5. pivot- bone rotates on a ring and rotates around a central axis ie. skull w/ atlas
6. saddle- have concave and convex regions ie. carpal and metacarpal of thumb
Term
periosteum
Definition
tough, vascular covering of fibrous tissue functions in the formation and repair of bone tissue
Term
external auditory meatus
Definition
opening that leads to the internal ear
Term
foramen magnum
Definition
opening in the lower surface, nerve fibers pass through
Term
obturator foramen
Definition
largest foramen in the body, located on coxae
Term
fontanels
Definition
soft, membranous areas on a baby's head (soft spots)
Term
occipital condyles
Definition
rounded processes on each side of foramen magnum
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
covers the surface of each epiphysis
Term
red marrow/yellow marrow
Definition
-produces red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelets
-functions in fat storage, inactive in blood cell formation
Term
diaphysis/epiphysis
Definition
-shaft of bone
-expanded portion at each end, articulas joint with another bone
Term
spongy bone/compact bone
Definition
-porous, irregular interconnecting spaces between bony plates
-tightly packed bone tissue
Term
simple fracture/compound fracture
Definition
-break protected by uninjured skin
-broken bone exposed by break in skin
Term
osteoblasts/osteoclasts
Definition
-bone forming
-bone destroying
Term
What is the predominant organ or the skeletal system? Tissue? Cell? List and describe the 4 bone cell types.
Definition
organ-bone
tissue-bone tissue
cell-osteocyte
1. osteogenitor- bone stem cells
2. osteoblast-bone forming
3. osteocytes- mature bone cell
4. osteoclast- bone destroying
Term
List the 5 parts of long bone structure.
Definition
epiphysis, articular cartilage, diaphysis, periostem, medullary cavity
Term
processes
Definition
projections on bones, sites of attachment
Term
foramen
Definition
hole, allows passage of blood vessels and nerves
Term
fossa
Definition
shallow depression in bone surface
Term
What is arthritis? List and describe two main types.
Definition
osteoarthritis- results from aging
rheumatoid- severe form that may occur at young age
Term
ossification
Definition
process of bone formation
Term
epiphyseal plate (line)
Definition
a thin band of cartilage
Term
simple fracture/ compound fracture
Definition
-break protected by uninjured skin
-broken bone exposed by an opening in a skin
Term
List the 6 types of bones. Give examples of where each may be found
Definition
1. long, arm 2. short, ankle 3. flat, cranium 4. irregular, vertebrae 5. sesamoid- patella 6. sutural, skull
polydactely- grow extra bones/ toes
Term
What is the location and function of the hyoid bone?
Definition
Supports the tongue, located in neck between mandible and larynx.
Term
sutures
Definition
hold the pieces of the brain together
Term
sinuses
Definition
cavities in your head that makes your head lighter
Term
List/give the number of the three types of vertebrae from superior to inferior position.
Definition
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5)
Term
What are 3 functions of the thoracic cage? List the 3 parts of the sternum from superior to inferior.
Definition
Supports shoulder girdle and arms, protects visceral organs, functions in breathing
Term
atlas/axis
Definition
-first vertebra, supports and balances the head
-2nd vertebra, long, pointed processes that slope downward
Term
true ribs/false ribs/floating ribs
Definition
-first 7 pairs, join to sternum directly
-5 pairs, no cartilaginous attachment
-have no cartilaginous attachment to sternum
Term
List the two pairs of bones that make up the pectoral girdle.
Definition
clavicles and scapulae
Term
What anatomical feature permits increased mobility of the scaupla?
Definition
They are free floating and only attached by muscles.
Term
humerus
Definition
bone of the upper arm
Term
radius
Definition
bone in the lower arm
Term
ulna
Definition
in the lower arm, lies medially to the radius
Term
carpals/metacarpals/phalanges
Definition
- 8 small bones in the wrist
-5 bones of palm
-3 bones of fingers
Term
List three parts of the coxal bone.
Definition
illium, ischium, pubis
Term
Name and describe the two most significant tarsal bones.
Definition
Tallus-joins leg and foot
calcaneus- helps to support/balance weight of body;heel
Term
acetabulum
Definition
depression in the lateral surface of each coxal bone that receives the rounded head of femur
Term
obturator foramen
Definition
largest foramen in skeleton, found in hip bone
Term
femur/tibia/fibia
Definition
thigh bone
shin bone, largest bone of lower leg
bone in lower leg, medial side
Term
tarsals/metatarsals/phalanges
Definition
7 bones that make up ankle
5 elongated bones form ball of foot
toe bones
Term
List the 3 general types of joints.
Definition
fibrous (immoveable), cartilaginous (slightly moveable), synovial (freely moveable)
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
secrets fluid that acts as joint fluid
Term
bursae/ meniscus
Definition
fluid-filled sacs located between skin and bony proturbances
joint behind the knee
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