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401 - Confirm Physical Status
Section 4 - Endocrine System
40
Anatomy
Professional
08/24/2013

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Term
What are the 2 major controlling systems of the body?
Definition
* Nervous System - controls via impulses

* Endocrine System - controls via hormones. Endocrine glands are ductless and well vasculated.
Term
Differentiate between the Nervous System & the Endocrine System.
Definition
Nervous System - transmits chemical messages across synaptic clefts & provides short quick communication (reflex)

* Endocrine System - Transmits chemical messages through the blood stream to target cells. Provides long time communication (growth & development)
Term
Define ENDROCRINE GLAND
Definition
A gland that secretes hormones into the blood stream
Term
Define HORMONE
Definition
Chemical that's secreted by one cell & travels through the blood stream to effect the activities of cells in another portion of the body.
Term
What are the 8 structures of the Endocrine System?
HAPPPTTO
Definition
[image]
1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary
3. Thyroid
4. Parathyroid
5. Adrenal
6. Pancreas
7. Testes
8. Ovaries
Term
List & State the functions of the hormones of the anterior pituitary Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
Definition
[image]
Secretes 7 hormones also called tropic hormone because they turn on endocrine glands that support the functions of other organs.
Term
List & State the functions of the hormones of the anterior pituitary Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis)
Definition
[image]
* Targets 2 hormones
* ADH
- Antidiuretic Hormone - aka vasopressin.
- Primary function to decrease water volume & raises blood pressure
- released in response to rise in solute concentration in blood, fall in blood volume, decreased blood pressure.

* OXT - Oxytocin
- Smooth muscle contractions in wall of uterus, promoting labour & delivery
- Promotes milk in mammary glands
Term
List & describe the hormones produced by Pineal Gland
Definition
CNS Gland
* Melatonin Secretion
- slows the maturation of sperm, oocytes and reproductive organs by reducing the rate of GnRH secretion.
- Plays a roll in timing sexual maturation. Blood levels of melatonin drop at puberty.
Term
List & describe the hormones produced by Thyroid Gland
Definition
[image]
Endocrine Gland
Releases special proteins called hormones into the blood stream.
Term
List & describe the hormones produced by Adrenal Cortex
Definition
[image]
* Androgens -testosterone - increases muscle, blood & bone growth
* Glucocorticoids (cortisol) - anti-inflammatory effects
* Mineralcorticoids - Increase renal absorption (accelerate Urinary loss)
Term
List & describe the hormones produced by Adrenal Medulla
Definition
[image]
*Epinephrine or non-epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Increases cardiac activity
* Increases blood pressure
* Glycogen breakdown
* Blood Glucose Levels
* Release Lipids
Term
Pancreas endocrine portion consists of ......
Definition
Pancreatic islets, which secrete glucagon's & insulin's

* beta cells in the pancreatic
Term
Alpha cells in the pancreatic islets ....
Definition
Secrete the hormone glucagon's in response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood
Term
Beta cells in the pancreatic islets .....
Definition
Secrete hormone insulin in response to a high concentration of glucose in the blood
Term
Androgens
Definition
* Secreted from Testes - males sex hormones
* Steroid Hormone responsible for:-
- growth/development of male reproductive structures
- increased skeletal & muscular growth
- enlargement of larynx / voice changes
- increased male sexual drive
- regulated by negative feedback system that involves releasing hormones from the hypothalamus and gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary.
Term
Ovaries
Definition
* Female reproductive organ that produces gametes
* Secretion of female sex hormones;
-oestrogen (fat hips, legs, breast)
-progesterone - periods / pregnancy
*Secretion of inhibin - involved in feedback control of pituitary FSH production.
Term
Which gland is behind the sternum
Definition
THYMUS
Term
Which gland is in the sphenoid boine
Definition
PITUITARY
Term
Which gland is behind the stomach
Definition
PACREAS
Term
Which gland is in front of the neck
Definition
THYROID
Term
Which gland is under-surface of the thyroid
Definition
PARATHYROID
Term
Which gland is on top of the kidney
Definition
ADRENAL
Term
THYROID gland produces
Definition
THYROXINE
Term
OVARIES gland produces
Definition
OESTROGEN / PROGESTERON
Term
POSTERIOR PITUITARY gland produces
Definition
ADH / OXTOCIN
Term
PANCREAS gland produces
Definition
GLUCAGON / INSULIN
Term
TESTES gland produces
Definition
TESTOSTERONE
Term
ANTERIOR PITUITARY gland produces
Definition
ACTH
Term
ADRENAL gland produces
Definition
STEROIDS
Term
PARATHYROID gland produces
Definition
PARATHORMONE
Term
ADRENAL MELULLA
Definition
EPHINEPHRINE
Term
Which hormone initiates development of male characteristics
Definition
TESTOSTERONE
Term
Which hormone helps cells use glucose
Definition
INSULIN
Term
Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex
Definition
ACTH
Term
Which hormone influences growth
Definition
GROWTH HORMONE
Term
Which hormone regulates calcium
Definition
PARATHORONE
Term
Which hormone initiates "flight or fright" response
Definition
EPHINEPHRINE
Term
Which hormone promotes re-absorption of water in kidney tubules
Definition
ADH
Term
Which hormone regulates body metabolism
Definition
THYROXIN
Term
Which hormone helps body to fight infection
Definition
STEROIDS
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