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| Study of the integrated functions of the body and the function of all its parts (systems, organs, tissues, cells, and cell components.) (How do the parts function together?) Ex: The ROLE of Mitochondria |
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| Science that deals with the form and structure of all organisms (Ex: Mitochondria) |
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Gross (macroscopic)
Comparative Anatomy
Histology (microscopic anatomy)
Ultrastructural Cytology
Embryology |
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| Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy |
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| Study of the form and relative position) that can be seen with the unaided eye |
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| Study of the structures of various animal species, with particular emphasis on those characteristics that aid in classification |
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| Histology (microscopic anatomy) |
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| Study of tissues and cells that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope |
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| Visualized or studied with the aid of electron microscope |
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| Study of the developmental anatomy, covering the period from conception (fertilization) to birth. |
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| Organizational Plan of Anatomy (Different levels of anatomy and example) |
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Whole animal (bovine)
System (Respiratory)
Organs (Lungs)
Tissue (Alveoli)
Cells (Alveolar Cells)
Organelles (Mitochondria)
Molecules (ATP)
Elements (Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen) |
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| Near the trunk or origin of the limb |
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| Part of the head closer to the nose |
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| Away from the longitudinal axis |
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| Below the proximal ends of the carpus |
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| Below the proximal ends of the tarsus, planar replaces caudal |
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| Toward the longitudinal axis (midline) |
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| Divides the body into cranial and caudal parts |
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| Longitudinal plane passing through the body parallel to dorsal surface and at right angles to the median plane |
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| Divides body into unequal right and left halves |
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| KNOW HOW TO DRAW THE STIFLE |
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| Houses chromosomes and contains most of the cells genetic material (DNA) |
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| Outside the nucleus and fills the cell. Think of it like a gel |
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| Thin covering which encloses the cell |
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| Ribosome synthesis (rRNA) which is mainly involved in assembly of ribosomoes |
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| makes up the chromosomes- loose arrangement. DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes. |
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| Membranes in the cytoplasm |
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| Ribosomes, synthesize proteins |
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| Lack ribosomes, synthesize steroids, fatty acids and phospholipids |
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| Site of protein synthesis |
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| Process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. It is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion. |
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| Chemical substances that may or may not be present in a cell, depending on the cell type. Inclusions are stored nutrients, secretory products, and pigment granules. Examples of inclusions are- glycogen granules in the liver and muscle cells; lipid droplets in fat cells; pigment granules in certain cells of skin and hair; water containing vacuoles; and crystals of various types. |
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| inclusions containing degrading (digesting enzymes). They digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. The membrane surrounding a lysosome prevents the digestive enzymes inside from destroying the cell. |
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| Cell movement organelle including cell division |
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| Microtubules and Microfilaments |
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| Give shape to cells. Very important in muscle and nerves |
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| groups of specialized cells or cells of similar characteristics, including function |
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| What are the types of tissue? |
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Epithelium
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Blood and Lymph |
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| Holds things together/storage (fat-adipose) |
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| Kidneys and urinary bladder |
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| Brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
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| Types of Epithelial Tissue |
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Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal (Cube)
Columnar (Tall and Thin) |
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| Names for different number of cell layers thick |
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Simple- one
Stratified- Several |
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| Types of Specialized Epithelial Tissue |
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Ciliated (Trachea)
Glands (Alveoli or Acini- mamary gland cells)
Hair/wool
Nails, claws, horn, hoof (Keratin) |
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