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| New way of thinking about the natural world using careful observation & willingness to question traditional beliefs |
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| View which held that the earth was the center of the universe; circular paths of orbit |
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| Polish astronomer who founded heliocentric theory. Wrote, "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies" |
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| Brilliant mathematician who backed Copernicus but saw eliptical orbits instead of circular |
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| Theory that the sun is at the center of the universe |
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| Italian scientist who was forced by Catholic Church to recant scientific ideas that disagreed with Church view |
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| Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas |
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| English writer who founded empiricism - the experiemental method |
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| French scholar who developed analytical geometry... "I think, therefore I am" |
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| English scientist who discovered laws of motion & gravity |
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| AKA The Age of Reason; 17th & 18th century intellectual movement stressing reason & thought to solve problems |
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| Wrote, "Leviathan" (1651); Social Contract Theory; Enlightenment thinker who favored absolute monarchy |
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| Theory that peopel make an agreement with their government; give up rights, but gain law & order |
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| Enlightenment thinker who favored self-government & natural rights. Believed government's purpose was to protect rights or should be overthrown |
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| Idea that all people are born free & equal with natural rights - Life, Liberty, Property |
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| Social critics of Enlightenment in France; believed people could apply reason to all aspects of life |
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| Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) |
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| Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion & speech. "I do not agree with a word you say, but will defend to teh death your right to say it" |
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| French Enlightenment thinker who believed in separation of powers & political liberty. "Power should be a check of power" |
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| Swiss Enlightenment thinker; favored direct democracy, general will, social contract, equality. "Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains" |
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| Italian philosopher who favored justice system & speedy trial; wanted to abolish torture & cruel punishments |
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| Author advocating women's rights. Wrote, "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" (1792) |
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| Social gathering for discussing ideas or enjoying art |
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| Grand, ornate style of 17th & 18th century Europe. ex = Versailles |
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| Simple style that borrowed ideas from classical Greece & Rome |
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| Ruler who supported Enlightenment ideas but did not give up power |
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| Russian ruler who took steps to reform & modernize Russia |
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