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Science Joints
Joints
37
Anatomy
11th Grade
12/14/2014

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Term
Joints
Definition
a junction where two or more bones articulate
Term
Functional Joint Classification
Definition
1. Immovable- Synarthrotic (Sutures)
2. Slightly Movable- Amphiarthrotic (Vertebrae column)
3. Freely Movable- Diarthrotic (Arms, Legs, etc)
Term
Structural Joint Classification
Definition
1. Fibrous Joints-
2. Cartilaginous Joints
3. Synovial Joints
Term
1. Fibrous Joints
Definition
Joints held together by fibrous connective tissue with no joint cavity
Term
2. Cartilaginous Joints
Definition
joints that are held together by a layer of cartilage with no joint cavity
Term
3. Synovial Joints
Definition
a more complex joint that contains a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid (liquid that helps the joint move easily
Term
Synovial Joints
Definition
A. Ball-and-Socket
B. Condyloid or Ellipsoid
C. Gliding
D. Hinge
E. Pivot
F. Saddle
Term
A. Ball-and-Socket
Definition
A wide range of motion (circular rotation) is allowed. They are found in places like the hip and shoulder
Term
B. Condyloid or Ellipsoid
Definition
A wide variety of motions are allowed except for rotation. They are found between metacarpals/tarsals and phalanges in the hand and foot.
Term
C. Gliding
Definition
A sliding or back and forth motion between bones that are flat or nearly flat. They are found between the bones in the wrists and ankles
Term
D. Hinge-
Definition
The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of the other bone. They are found at the elbow, knee, and joints of the phalanges
Term
E. Pivot
Definition
The cylindrical shaped surface of one bone articulates with a bone that has formed a ring.. They are found at the atlas/axis and at the proximal ends of the radius and ulna
Term
F. Saddle
Definition
surfaces of both bones that are articulating have both convex and concave regions. They are found between and carpal and metacknjarpal of the thumb
Term
III. Types of Joint Movements
Definition
A. Flexion
B. Extension
C. Hyperextension
D. Dorsiflexion
E. Plantar Flexion
F. Abduction
G. Adduction
H. Rotation
I. Circumduction
J. Supination
K. Pronation
L. Eversion
M. Inversion
N. Protraction
O. Retraction
P. Elevation
Q. Depression
Term
A. Flexion
Definition
Bending parts at a joint so that the angle decreases between the parts.
Term
B. Extension
Definition
Straightening the parts at a joint so that the angle increases between the parts.
Term
C. Hyperextension
Definition
excess extension past the normal anatomical position.
Term
D. Dorsiflexion
Definition
bending the foot upward.
Term
E. Plantar Flexion
Definition
bending the foot downward.
Term
F. Abduction
Definition
Moving a part away from the midline of the body
Term
H. Rotation
Definition
Moving a part around an axis.
Term
I. Circumduction
Definition
Moving a part so that its end makes a circular motion.
Term
J. Supination
Definition
Turning the palm of the hand into the anatomical position (upward or anteriorly).
Term
K. Pronation
Definition
Turning the palm of the hand into the anatomical position (downward or posteriorly)
Term
L. Eversion
Definition
Turning the sole of the foot laterally
Term
M. Inversion
Definition
Turning the sole of the foot medially.
Term
N. Protraction
Definition
Moving a part forward
Term
O. Retraction
Definition
Moving a part backward.
Term
P. Elevation
Definition
Raising a part
Term
Q. Depression
Definition
Lowering a part
Term
Fibrous
Definition
found between your teeth and mandible or maxilla
Term
Synovial
Definition
Has a fluid filled cavity
Term
ball and socket
Definition
found where the femur meets the torso proximally
Term
hyperobility
Definition
"double jointed"
Term
inmovable (synarthoratic)
Definition
this type of joint is found in the skull
Term
slightly movable (Amphiarthrotic)
Definition
Found in your vertebral column
Term
pivot
Definition
allows you to shake your head and say no
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