Shared Flashcard Set

Details

schoolcraft college anatomy 2 vascular system
book is by martini and roth
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/09/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Capillaries 
Definition
contact tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs 
Term
three tunics or layers – tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa
Definition
Arteries and veins are composed of  
Term
endothelium with sparse basal lamina
Definition
Capillaries are composed of 
Term
Lumen 
Definition
central blood-containing space surrounded by tunics
Term

Tunica interna

 
Definition
Endothelial layer that lines the lumen of all vess
Term

Tunica media

 
Definition

Smooth muscle and elastic fiber layer, regulated by sympathetic nervous system

Controls vasoconstriction / vasodilation of vessels

 
Term

Tunica externa 

 
Definition

Collagen fibers that protect and reinforce vessels

Larger vessels contain their own personal blood vessels

 
Term
Muscular arteries 
Definition

– distal to elastic arteries; deliver blood to body organs

have more smooth muscle – have smaller lumen

so they are active in vasoconstriction

these are medium-sized ( from diameter of little finger to pencil lead)

you would take pulse pressure on these most often

 
Term
Arterioles 
Definition

smallest arteries; lead to capillary beds

control flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and constriction

called resistance vessels

 
Term
Capillaries 
Definition

are the smallest blood vessels 

Walls consisting of a thin tunica interna, one cell thick

Allow only a single RBC to pass at a time 

 
Term
continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids
Definition
There are three structural types of capillaries
Term
Continuous capillaries 
Definition

are abundant in the skin and muscles – most parts of the body

Endothelial cells provide an uninterrupted lining

In a small capillary, the endothelial cell may wrap around the lumen as your hand wraps a small glass

Adjacent cells are connected with tight junctions

Allow the passage of fluids through gaps between cells

 
Term
Continuous capillaries of the brain
Definition

Have tight junctions completely around the endothelium

Constitute the blood-brain barrier

Very restricted permeability

Term
Fenestrated Capillaries
Definition

Found wherever active capillary absorption or filtrate formation occurs 

Ex. hormones from glands easily enter blood

Ex. nutrients easily enter blood

Ex. in kidneys ions exit the blood

Characterized by: 

An endothelium riddled with pores (fenestrations)

Greater permeability than other capillaries

 
Term
Sinusoids
Definition

Highly modified, leaky, fenestrated capillaries with large lumens

Found in the liver, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, spleen

Ex. macrophages reach in and sample blood as it passes slowly through the spleen

Ex. in liver macrophages are part of lining

Allow large molecules (proteins and blood cells) to pass between the blood and surrounding tissues

 
Term
Capillary Beds
Definition

A microcirculation of interwoven networks of capillaries, consisting of:

Vascular shunts – metarteriole–thoroughfare channel connecting an arteriole directly with a  postcapillary venule

True capillaries – 10 to 100 per capillary bed, capillaries branch off the metarteriole and return to the thoroughfare channel at the distal end of the bed

 
Term
Vascular shunts 
Definition
metarteriole–thoroughfare channel connecting an arteriole directly with a  postcapillary venule
Term
True capillaries 
Definition
– 10 to 100 per capillary bed, capillaries branch off the metarteriole and return to the thoroughfare channel at the distal end of the bed
Term

Precapillary sphincter

 
Definition

Cuff of smooth muscle that surrounds each true capillary

Regulates blood flow into the capillary

 
Term
Vasomotion
Definition

smooth muscle keeps changing the blood flow through capillary beds

happens is response to local chemicals

a type of autoregulation

not all of your capillaries are open at one time

about 25% of capillaries are in use at rest

a way to coordinate blood flow

 
Term
Venules 
Definition

are formed when capillary beds unite

But still allow fluids and WBCs to pass from the bloodstream to tissues (inflammation

Term
postcapillary venules
Definition

This is where the WBCs characteristically stick

They migrate out of the blood into the tissues here

 
Term
Veins
Definition

Formed when venules converge

Composed of three tunics, with a thin tunica media and a thick tunica externa consisting of collagen fibers and elastic networks

 
Term

Large-diameter lumens, which offer little resistance to flow

Valves (resembling semilunar heart valves), which prevent backflow of blood  

 
Definition

Veins have much lower blood pressure and thinner walls than arteries

To return blood to the heart, veins have special adaptations like

 
Term

Respiratory “pump” – pressure changes created during breathing suck blood toward the heart by squeezing local veins 

Muscular “pump” – contraction of skeletal muscles “milk” blood toward the heart 

Definition
Venous BP alone is too low to promote adequate blood return and is aided by the
Term
Valves
Definition
prevent backflow during venous return – keep blood returning to heart
Term
Vascular Anastomoses
Definition

Merging blood vessels, more common in veins than arteries

 
Term
Arterial anastomoses 
Definition

provide alternate pathways (collateral channels) for blood to reach a given body region

If one branch is blocked, the collateral channel can supply the area with adequate blood supply 

 
Term
walls 
Definition
– arteries thicker
Term
lumen 
Definition
arteries smaller
Term
lining of lumen (endothelium
Definition
ruffled in artery
Term
valves 
Definition
in veins to prevent backflow
Term

Cooperation of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys

Supervision of the brain

 
Definition
Maintaining blood pressure requires
Term

Pulmonary circulation 

Systemic circulation 

Definition

The vascular system has two distinct circulations

 
Term
Systemic circulation 
Definition
routes blood through a long loop to all parts of the body and returns to the heart
Term
Pulmonary circulation 
Definition
short loop that runs from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Term
portal system
Definition

veins to capillaries to veins

the usual is arterioles to capillaries to venules and veins and then back to heart

 
Term
portal vein
Definition

this vein carries most all of your digested foods directly to the liver and in the liver the vein changes into the wide capillaries (sinusoids) so the liver cells can pick through the incoming materials

 
Term
hepatic vein
Definition
then the capillaries come together and exit the liver as the
Supporting users have an ad free experience!