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schoolcraft college anatomy 2 heart
book is by martini and roth
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/09/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

to lungs – pulmonary

to rest of body – systemic 

 
Definition

the pumping heart sending blood in two circuits

 
Term
MEDIASTINUM
Definition
the heart Lies within the central space called the 
Term
apex
Definition
is the pointed tip of the heart 
Term

2 atria

2 ventricles

 
Definition

four chambers

 
Term

right side of the heart

 
Definition

blood is pumped to lungs by one pump

 
Term

 

left side of heart
 
Definition
blood is pumped to whole system
Term
Pericardium 
Definition
– a double-walled sac around the heart 
Term

A superficial fibrous pericardium

A deep two-layer serous pericardium –so three layers

Definition
Pericardium compsed of 
Term
The parietal layer 
Definition
lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
Term
The visceral layer or epicardium 
Definition
lines the surface of the heart
Term
pericardial cavity
Definition
visceral and parietal layers  They are separated by the fluid-filled 
Term
The pericardium
Definition

Protects and anchors the heart

Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood

Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment

fluid is present here

 
Term

Superior and inferior venae cavae

Right and left pulmonary veins

 
Definition
Vessels returning blood to the heart include
Term

Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries

Ascending aorta (three branches) – brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and subclavian arteries

 
Definition

Vessels conveying blood away from the heart:

 
Term
Epicardium 
Definition
visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Term
Myocardium 
Definition
– cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart
Term
Fibrous skeleton of the heart 
Definition
crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissues which support the valves and vessels, and isolate the upper and lower chambers
Term
Endocardium 
Definition
endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface
Term
Cardiac muscle 
Definition
is striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected
Term
Intercalated discs 
Definition
anchor cardiac cells together and allow free passage of ions
Term
syncytium – beats in a rhythm
Definition
Heart muscle behaves as a functional 
Term
Gap junctions and desmosomes 
Definition

form intercalated discs

 
Term
septum 
Definition
divides right atria and right ventricle from left side 
Term
ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) valves 
Definition
separate upper and lower chambers
Term

a receiving chamber 

from superior and inferior vena cava

coronary sinus drains into this atria also

 
Definition
Right Atria
Term
foramen ovale 
Definition

is opening between atria

until birth…….

then it closes and seals off by about 3 months

 
Term
Atria
Definition

anterior wall has muscular ridges

PECTINATE MUSCLES

Term
Right Ventricle
Definition

superior portion is a valve

atrioventricular valve (AV)

right side valve has three cusps = TRICUSPID AV valve

the edge of the cusps is attached to tendons

CHORDAE TENDINEAE

the chordae tendineae attach inferiorly to muscles called PAPILLARY MUSCLES

valve will flop upwards when ventricle contracts

but only go as far as chordae tendineae will allow

muscular ridges include one that connects to papillary muscles  (moderator band)

 
Term
pulmonary semilunar valve 
Definition

is like a pouch

prevents backflow into right ventricle after blood leaves

 
Term
aortic semilunar valve 
Definition

– similarly shaped

prevents backflow into the left ventricle

 
Term
Left Atrium
Definition

four pulmonary veins enter the posterior aspect 

oxygenated blood from lungs

left AV valve has only two cusps = BICUSPID or MITRAL valve

 
Term
left ventricle 
Definition

is much more muscular because it needs to push with more force to send blood throughout the body

also has chordae tendineae

has semilunar valve between chamber and aorta

 
Term

double pump

right side receives from body through vena cava

receiving chamber = right atrium

discharges to lungs through pulmonary trunk

discharge chamber = right ventricle

left atrium also receives and sends to left ventricle which is the discharge chamber to the system

 
Definition
Pathway of Blood through heart
Term
Coronary circulation 
Definition
is the functional blood supply to the heart muscle itself
Term
Collateral routes 
Definition
ensure blood delivery to heart even if major vessels are occluded
Term
The heart does not ‘sample’ the blood
Definition

diffusion of blood into the working muscles is not practical

must feed the muscle with separate blood supply – arteries and veins

the coronary circulation is a short circuit around and through the heart

at the beginning of the aorta are the right and left coronary arteries

deliver blood only when the heart is relaxed – otherwise are compressed by contraction

branches include the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex from left artery

 
Term

Right atrium  tricuspid valve  right ventricle

Right ventricle  pulmonary semilunar valve  pulmonary arteries  lungs

Lungs  pulmonary veins  left atrium

Left atrium  bicuspid valve  left ventricle

Left ventricle  aortic semilunar valve  aorta

Aorta  systemic circulation

Definition
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs
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