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SCCCAP - LabPractical3
SCCCAP - LabPractical3 - Muscles
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/03/2012

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Term
Aponeuroses
Definition
Fibrous or membranous sheets connecting a muscle and the part it moves.
Term
Tendons
Definition
Attach muscles to each other or indirectly to bones
Provide durability - can span rough bony prominences that would destroy more delicate muscle tissues
Conserve space - small in size, more tendons than fleshy muscles can pass over a joint
Term
Muscle Origin
Definition
Fixed immovable attachment point
Term
Muscle Insertion
Definition
Muscles more movable attachment
Term
Prime mover (agonist)
Definition
Muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a particular movement
Term
Antagonist
Definition
Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement
Term
Synergists
Definition
Muscle that aids the action of a prime mover by effecting the same movement or by stabilizing joints across which the prime mover acts, preventing undesirable movements.
Term
Fixator
Definition
Muscle that immobilizes one or more bones, allowing other muscles to act from a stable base.
Term
Naming of skeletal muscles
Definition
  • direction of muscle fibers
  • relative size of the muscle
  • location of the muscle
  • number of origins
  • location of the muscle's origin and insertion
  • shape of the muscle
  • action of the muscle
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
  • Origin: Manubrium and clavicle
  • Insertion: areas of temporal and occipital
  • Action: flexion of neck, rotate head
Term
Pectoralis major
Definition
  • Origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage
  • Insertion: proximal humerus
  • Action: prime mover of arm flexion
Term
Deltoid
Definition
  • Origin: clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
  • Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
  • Action: prime mover of arm abduction
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
  • origin: ribs, sternum, costal cartilages, and lumbar vertebrae
  • insertion: central tendon of diaphragm
  • action: prime mover of inspiration
Term
Latissimus dorsi
Definition
  • Origin: spinous processes of T7 - T12, lumbar vertebrae, ribs, and iliac crest
  • Insertion: Proximal humerus
  • Action: Prime mover of arm extension
Term
Triceps brachii
Definition
  • Origin: Margin of glenoid cavity, proximal humerus
  • Insertion: Olecranon process
  • Prime mover of foream extension
Term
Biceps brachii
Definition
  • Origin: coracoid process and joint cavity of shoulder joint
  • Insertion: Radial tuberosity
  • Action: Prime move of forearm flexion
Term
Brachialis
Definition
  • Origin: distal humerus
  • Insertion: coronoid process
  • Action: prime mover of forearm flexion
Term
Rectus femoris
Definition
  • Origin: ilium (iliac spine) and margin of acetabulum
  • Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity
  • Action: extend knee, flexes thigh
Term
Gluteus maximus
Definition
  • Origin: ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
  • Insertion: gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
  • Action: thigh extensor, thigh abduction
Term
Adductor magnus and longus
Definition
Action: Adduct thigh
Term
Hamstrings
Definition
  • Action: extend thigh, flexes knee
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
  • Origin: medial and lateral condyles of femur
  • Insertion: calcaneous via calcaneal tendon
  • plantar flexes foot
Term
Tibialis anterior
Definition
  • Origin: lateral condyle of tibia
  • Insertion: first cuniform (a tarsal) and metatrasal I
  • Action: dorsiflexion
Term
Soleus
Definition
Origin: Proximal tibia and fibula
Insertion: Calcaneous via calcaneal tendon
Action: Plantar flexes foot 
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