Shared Flashcard Set

Details

SCCCAP-Lab Practical 2
SCCCAP-Lab Practical 2
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/16/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Skeleton: approximate total number of bones
Definition
206
Term
3 types of skeletal cartilage
Definition
  • Hyaline cartilages (provide support, flexibility, and resilience - most abundant type)
  • Elastic cartilages (similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers)
  • Fibrocartilages (collagen fibers - have great tensile strength)
Term
Locations of types of cartilages
Definition
  • Hyaline - articular cartilages, costal cartilages, respiratory cartilages, nasal cartilages
  • Elastic - external ear and epiglottis
  • Fibrocartilages - menisci of knee, discs between vertebrae, pubic symphysis
Term
Classification of bones of the skeleton - 2 main groups
Definition
  • Axial - forms the long axis of the body; skull, vertebral column, rib cage
  • Appendicular - bones of upper and lower limbs and the girdles (shoulder and hip bones) that attach the limbs to axial skeleton
Term
Classification of Bones by Shape
Definition
  • Long bones - longer than they are wide (humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, etc.)
  • Short bones - cube-shaped bones (wrist & ankles), sesamoid bones (within tendons, eg. patella)
  • Flat bones - thin, flat, slightly curved (sternum)
  • Irregular bones - complicated shapes (vertebra)
Term
Bone Textures
Definition
  • Compact bone (dense outer layer)
  • Spongy - trabecular - bone (honeycomb of trabeculae)
Term
tuberosity
Definition
long, rounded projection (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment)
Term
crest
Definition
narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment)
Term
trochanter
Definition
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment)
Term
tubercle
Definition
small rounded projection or process (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment)
Term
epicondyle
Definition
raised area on or above a condyle (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment)
Term
process (bone markings)
Definition
any bony prominence (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment)
Term
head (bone marking)
Definition
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck (projections that help to form joints)
Term
facet (bone marking)
Definition
smooth, nearly flat articular surface (projections that help to form joints)
Term
condyle
Definition
rounded articular projection (projections that help to form joints)
Term
groove (bone marking)
Definition
furrow (depressions and openings for passage of blood vesels or nerves)
Term
fissure (bone marking)
Definition
narrow, slit-like opening (depressions and openings for passage of blood vesels or nerves)
Term
foramen (bone marking)
Definition
round or oval opening through a bone (depressions and openings for passage of blood vesels or nerves)
Term
meatus (bone marking)
Definition
canal-like passageway
Term
sinus (bone markings)
Definition
cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane
Term
fossa (bone marking)
Definition
shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
Term
Identify the 3 bone groups forming the axial skeleton
Definition
  • skull (cranium and facial bones)
  • vertebral column
  • bony thorax
Term
vertebral column: how many vertebrae?
Definition
  • 24 total
  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 2 fused bones: sacum and coccyx
Term
Ribs: how many?
Definition
12 ribs
Term
true ribs
Definition
first 7 pairs, attach directly to the sternum via their own cartilage
Term
false ribs
Definition
attach indirectly to sternum
Term
floating ribs
Definition
last 2 pairs, have no attachment to sternum
Term
hand bones - how many carpals?
Definition
8 carpals
Term
hand bones - how many metacarpals?
Definition
5 metacarpals
Term
foot: how many tarsal bones?
Definition
7 tarsal bones
includes calcaneus (heel bone)
talus (bone that lies between tibia and calcaneus)
Term
foot: how many metatarsal bones?
Definition
5 metatarsal bones
Term
3 Functional Classification of Joints
Definition

Based on amount of movement allowed by the joint

  • synarthrose = immovable joints
  • amphiarthose = slightly movable joints
  • diathrose = freely moveable joints
Term
3 Structural Classifications of Joints
Definition

Based on material binding bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present

  • Fibrous
  • Cartilagenous
  • Synovial
Term
Fibrous Joints - 3 Types
Definition
  • Bones joints by fibrous tissue
  • Lack joint cavity
  • Most immovable
  • 3 types: Sutures, Syndemoses, Gomphoses
Term
Cartilagenous Joints - 2 types
Definition
  • Bone joints by cartilage
  • Lack joint cavity
  • Not highly movable
  • Synchondroses
  • Symphyses
Term
Synovial Joints - 6 Distinguishing Features
Definition
  • Articular cartilage
  • Joint cavity
  • Synovial fluid
  • Articular joint capsule
  • Reinforcing ligaments
  • Rich nerve and blood vessel supply
Term
Types of synovial joints
(the 3 listed on the lab handout)
Definition
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • ball and socket
Term
muscle attacments
Definition
  • origin (the stationary attachment)
  • insertion (the movable attachment)
  • during muscle contraction the insertion moves towards the origin
Term
Hyoid Bone
Definition
C shaped bone that does not articulate with any other bone
Supporting users have an ad free experience!