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SCCAP-FinalLabTest-Definitions
SCCAP-FinalLabTest-Definitions
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/09/2012

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Term
neuron
Definition
basic functional unit of nervous tissue
Term
neuroglia/glial cells
Definition
supporting cells of the nervous tissue (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal, Schwann, satellite)
Term
nerve
Definition
neuron fibers in the peripheral nervous system
Term
tract
Definition
neuron fibers in the central nervous system
Term
nuclei
Definition
neuron cell bodies in clusters in the central nervous system
Term
ganglia
Definition

collections of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system

 

Term
general senses
Definition
react to touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, stretch, vibration, and changes in position. distributed throughout the body
Term
special senses
Definition
sight, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste
Term
exteroceptors
Definition
react to stimuli in the external environment
Term
interoceptor/visceroceptors
Definition
respond to stimuli arising within the body
Term
proprioceptors
Definition
respond to internal stimuli but are restricted to skelet muscles, tendos, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles. They provide information on the position and degree of stretch of those structures
Term
punctate distribution
Definition
the uneven clustering of cutaneous receptors in order to provide sensitivity to body areas that need it most
Term
tactile localization
Definition
the ability to determine which portion of the skin has been touched
Term
adaptation
Definition
when a stimulus is applied for a prolonged period, the rate of receptor discharge slows and conscious awareness of the stimulus declines or is lost
Term
referred pain
Definition
a sensory experience in which pain is perceived as arising in one area of the body when in fact another area is receiving the painful stimulus
Term
Cranial Nerve I
Definition
olfactory (sensory)
Term
Cranial Nerve II
Definition
Optic (sensory)
Term
Cranial Nerve III
Definition
Oculomotor (motor: eye mover)
Term
Cranial Nerve IV
Definition
Trochlear (motor: eye mover)
Term
Cranial Nerve V
Definition
Trigeminal (mixed. 3 branches: sensory fibers to face, motor fibers to chewing muscles)
Term
Cranial Nerve VI
Definition
Abducens (motor: eye mover)
Term
Cranial Nerve VII
Definition
Facial (mixed. sensory: taste; motor: facial expression. 5 branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical)
Term
Cranial Nerve VIII
Definition
vestibulocochlear (mostly sensory. 2 divisions: cochlear (hearing) and vestibular (balance))
Term
Cranial Nerve IX
Definition
glossopharangyal (mixed: tongue and pharynx)
Term
Cranial Nerve X
Definition
Vagus (only nerve that serves more than head and neck. Innervates pharynx, larynx, heart lung, viscera. Involved in regulation of heart rate, breathing and digestive systems)
Term
Cranial Nerve XI
Definition
Accessory (mixed. supplies neck muscles)
Term
Cranial Nerve XII
Definition
Hypoglossal (mixed. tongue muscles)
Term
cholinergic fibers
Definition
release acetylcholine
Term
adrenergic  fibers
Definition
release norepinephrine
Term
osseous labyrinth
Definition
system of bony chambers filled with perilymph
Term
membranous labyrinth
Definition
in the perilymph of the bony labyrinth, filled with endolymph
Term
acinar cells
Definition
exocrine cells of the pancreas
Term
Islets of Langerhans
Definition
endocrine portions of pancreas. contain alpha and beta cells
Term
Islets of Langerhans - alpha cells
Definition
produce glucagon
Term
Islets of Langerhans - beta cells
Definition
produce insulin
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