Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Scanlon & Sanders A&P Ch. 10 Endocrine System
Scanlon & Sanders A&P Ch. 10 Endocrine System
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Endocrine system components
Definition
Hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
adrenal glands
pancreas
ovaries
testes
Term
Endocrine glands functions
Definition
Secrete hormones
Do not have ducts
Secrete directly into capillaries for circulation in blood.
Each has specific effects on targets
Term
Endocrine glands hormone functions
Definition
regulate body chemistry, metabolism, contraction of smooth & skeletal muscle, glandular secretions, immune system
control growth & development, reproductive system
Term
Figure 10-1
Definition
Anterior pituitary
thyroid
inner adrenal medula
testes
ovaries
pancreas
adrenal cortex
thymus
paratyhyroids
posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
Term
Hormones list
Definition
Amines
Proteins
- peptides
Steroids
Term
Amines
Definition
simple hormones; includes thyroxine (thyroid) & epinephrine (adrenal medulla)
Term
Proteins
Definition
chains of amino acids; includes insulin (pancreas), growth hormone (ant. Pituitary) & calcitonin (thyroid)
Term
Short chains of amino acids called peptides
Definition
antidiuretic hormone & oxytocin (hypothalamus)
Term
Steroids
Definition
includes cortisol & aldosterone (adrenal cortex)
estrogen & progesterone (ovaries) and testosterone (testes)
cholesterol precursor for all steroids
Term
Hormonal Regulation
Definition
“Negative feedback mechanism” w/positive feedback hormones
Releasing hormones
Term
“Negative feedback mechanism”
Definition
info on hormone’s effects are fed back to gland
effects of the hormone reverse the stimulus
Term
Releasing hormones
Definition
released by hypothalamus, stimulating secretion by pituitary gland; antagonistic pair
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
a.k.a. hypophysis
hangs from hypothalamus
enclosed by sella turcica of sphenoid
regulates many body functions
Term
Pituitary Gland components
Definition
Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
Term
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Definition
2 hormones, peptide hormones, produced by hypothalamus but stored in posterior pituitary:
1. Antidiuretic Hormone aka vasopressin
2. Oxytocin
Term
Hormones
Definition

1. Growth Hormone aka somatotropin
2. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) aka thyrotropin
3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
4. Prolactin
5. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
6. Luteinizing Hormone(LH) aka gonadotropic hormone

Term
Hormone functions
Definition
Releasing hormones go into capillaries in hypothalamus to another capillary network in the anterior pituitary gland
absorbed & stimulates anterior pituitary hormones
Term
THYROID GLAND
Definition
front & sides of trachea
below larynx
2 lobes connected by isthmus
a middle piece
thyroid follicles – structural units
Term
THYROID GLAND hormones
Definition
thyroxine (T4)
triiodothyronine (T3)
calcitonin
Term
Goiter
Definition
caused by dietary deficiency of iodine
causes enlargement of thyroid gland
Term
Graves disease
Definition
hypersecretion of T4
Term
Myxedema
Definition

hyposecretion of T4 in adult

- Cretinism: hyposecretion in infant, causes mental retardation

Term
parathyroid glands
Definition
2 on back of each lobe of thyroid gland 4 total
Term
Which part of the pituitary gland stores only two hormones?
Definition
posterior
Term
Which endocrine gland(s) produce(s) a hormone that is antagonistic to calcitonin, increasing the reabsorption of calcium from bones to the blood?
Definition
parathyroid glands
Term
PANCREAS location
Definition
LUQ of abdomen, from curve of duodenum to spleen
Term
PANCREAS functions
Definition
both exocrine (digestive) & endocrine gland
Islets of Langerhans
- alpha cells
- beta cells
Glucagon
Insulin
Term
Islets of Langerhans
Definition
hormone-producing cells
alpha cells – produce glucagon
beta cells – produce insulin
Term
ADRENAL GLANDS
Definition
Two glands - one on top of each kidney
2 parts - inner adrenal medulla & outer adrenal cortex
Term
Adrenal Medulla
Definition
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Noradrenalin (norepinephrine)
Term
Adrenal Cortex
Definition
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
sex hormones
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Term
Addison’s disease
Definition
hyposecretion of cortisol & aldosterone
hypoglycemia, glycogen depletion in liver
potassium retention, diuresis and dehydration, low BP; leads to circulatory shock & death
Term
Cushing’s disease
Definition
hypersecretion of mostly cortisol, poss. due to pituitary tumor or adrenal cortex tumor
causes fat deposits in trunk & thin extremities,
fragile skin, osteoporosis acceleration, rounded face
Term
Which hormone breaks down glycogen to glucose?
Definition
Glucagon
Term
Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys?
Definition
aldosterone
Term
OVARIES
Definition
Estrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin
Term
TESTES
Definition
Testosterone
Inhibin
Term
HORMONE ACTION MECHANISMS
Definition
bond to a receptor @target cell
Protein Hormones:
Two-Messenger Mechanism
Steroid Hormones
Term
Protein Hormones: Two-Messenger Mechanism
Definition
stimulate specific reactions
Protein hormones bond to receptors in cell membrane = 1st messenger
Enzyme adenyl cyclase is activated on inner surface of cell membrane & synthesizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from ATP (2nd messenger)
cAMP activates cell’s enzymes to elicit response to hormone
Term
Steroid Hormones
Definition
Soluble in lipids of cell membrane & diffuse into target cell
get w/protein receptor in cytoplasm, go in cell nucleus
activate specific genes for protein synthesis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!