Term
| Endocrine system components |
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Definition
Hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
adrenal glands
pancreas
ovaries
testes |
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Term
| Endocrine glands functions |
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Definition
Secrete hormones
Do not have ducts
Secrete directly into capillaries for circulation in blood.
Each has specific effects on targets |
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Term
| Endocrine glands hormone functions |
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Definition
regulate body chemistry, metabolism, contraction of smooth & skeletal muscle, glandular secretions, immune system
control growth & development, reproductive system |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior pituitary
thyroid
inner adrenal medula
testes
ovaries
pancreas
adrenal cortex
thymus
paratyhyroids
posterior pituitary
hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
Amines
Proteins
- peptides
Steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| simple hormones; includes thyroxine (thyroid) & epinephrine (adrenal medulla) |
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Term
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Definition
| chains of amino acids; includes insulin (pancreas), growth hormone (ant. Pituitary) & calcitonin (thyroid) |
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Term
| Short chains of amino acids called peptides |
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Definition
| antidiuretic hormone & oxytocin (hypothalamus) |
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Term
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Definition
includes cortisol & aldosterone (adrenal cortex)
estrogen & progesterone (ovaries) and testosterone (testes)
cholesterol precursor for all steroids |
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Term
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Definition
“Negative feedback mechanism” w/positive feedback hormones
Releasing hormones |
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Term
| “Negative feedback mechanism” |
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Definition
info on hormone’s effects are fed back to gland
effects of the hormone reverse the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| released by hypothalamus, stimulating secretion by pituitary gland; antagonistic pair |
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Term
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Definition
a.k.a. hypophysis
hangs from hypothalamus
enclosed by sella turcica of sphenoid
regulates many body functions |
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Term
| Pituitary Gland components |
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Definition
Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) |
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Term
| Posterior Pituitary Gland |
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Definition
2 hormones, peptide hormones, produced by hypothalamus but stored in posterior pituitary:
1. Antidiuretic Hormone aka vasopressin
2. Oxytocin |
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Term
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Definition
1. Growth Hormone aka somatotropin
2. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) aka thyrotropin
3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
4. Prolactin
5. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
6. Luteinizing Hormone(LH) aka gonadotropic hormone |
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Term
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Definition
Releasing hormones go into capillaries in hypothalamus to another capillary network in the anterior pituitary gland
absorbed & stimulates anterior pituitary hormones |
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Term
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Definition
front & sides of trachea
below larynx
2 lobes connected by isthmus
a middle piece
thyroid follicles – structural units |
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Term
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Definition
thyroxine (T4)
triiodothyronine (T3)
calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
caused by dietary deficiency of iodine
causes enlargement of thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hyposecretion of T4 in adult
- Cretinism: hyposecretion in infant, causes mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 on back of each lobe of thyroid gland 4 total |
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Term
| Which part of the pituitary gland stores only two hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which endocrine gland(s) produce(s) a hormone that is antagonistic to calcitonin, increasing the reabsorption of calcium from bones to the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| LUQ of abdomen, from curve of duodenum to spleen |
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Term
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Definition
both exocrine (digestive) & endocrine gland
Islets of Langerhans
- alpha cells
- beta cells
Glucagon
Insulin |
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Term
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Definition
hormone-producing cells
alpha cells – produce glucagon
beta cells – produce insulin |
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Term
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Definition
Two glands - one on top of each kidney
2 parts - inner adrenal medulla & outer adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Noradrenalin (norepinephrine) |
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Term
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Definition
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
sex hormones
Aldosterone
Cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
hyposecretion of cortisol & aldosterone
hypoglycemia, glycogen depletion in liver
potassium retention, diuresis and dehydration, low BP; leads to circulatory shock & death |
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Term
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Definition
hypersecretion of mostly cortisol, poss. due to pituitary tumor or adrenal cortex tumor
causes fat deposits in trunk & thin extremities,
fragile skin, osteoporosis acceleration, rounded face |
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Term
| Which hormone breaks down glycogen to glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Estrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| HORMONE ACTION MECHANISMS |
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Definition
bond to a receptor @target cell
Protein Hormones:
Two-Messenger Mechanism
Steroid Hormones |
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Term
| Protein Hormones: Two-Messenger Mechanism |
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Definition
stimulate specific reactions
Protein hormones bond to receptors in cell membrane = 1st messenger
Enzyme adenyl cyclase is activated on inner surface of cell membrane & synthesizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from ATP (2nd messenger)
cAMP activates cell’s enzymes to elicit response to hormone |
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Term
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Definition
Soluble in lipids of cell membrane & diffuse into target cell
get w/protein receptor in cytoplasm, go in cell nucleus
activate specific genes for protein synthesis |
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