Soft stool

vomiting(may see worm)

distended abdomen

mild infection might not have signs

severe infection: diarrhea, intussusception

Tubular

clients describe them as looking like "spaghetti"

may be coiled

3-18 cm long

direct  (No intermediate host)

 can be in moms milk (transmitted transmammary)

adults in small intestine

shed eggs in feces

eggs embryonate int L2 larvae (inside egg)

if host is juvenile, L2s milk and migrate to lungs then coughed up and swallowed.

T. cati
round to slightly oval

65-75 μm

ropey appearance of outside of shell

T. leonina

Round to slightly oval

75-85 μm

smooth outer shell w/ground glass center

T. leonina

Round to slightly oval

75-85 μm

smooth outer shell w/ground glass center

T. canis

Round to slightly oval

75-90 μm

ropey appearance of outside shell

T. canis

Round to slightly oval

75-90 μm

ropey appearance of outside shell

Eggs are shed in feces
embryonate within 48 hours in environment to L1

molt to more times to enfective L3

L3s are ingested or penetrate skin

L3s migrate through body to lungs

coughed up and swallowed

Ancylostoma "hookworm"

oval to ellipsoid

55-80 μm long x 25-50 wide

Ancylostoma "hookworm"

oval to ellipsoid

55-80 μm long x 25-50 wide

Uncinaria "hookworm"

oval to ellipsoid

55-80 μm long x 25-50 wide

Threadworms:

name 2 of them

genuis and species

Strongyloides stercoralis

Strongyloides tumefaciens

females are parasitic males are not

females do not need to copulate with males to produce eggs

Trichuris campanula

Trichuris serrata

eggs shed in feces

embryonate into infective L1 larvae (still in egg)

L1s are ingested by host

travel to colon and cecum and molt into adults

they do not have any extraintestinal migration

L1-containing eggs are very resistant

they can live in environment for a long time

dogs tend to keep reinfecting themselves

esophageal worm of dogs

stomach worm in cats

• larva ingersted by a coprophagous beetle
• dog ingests beetle
• infective larva travel to the espophogus where they become adults
• they form granulomas in espophagus (in dogs) or stomach(in cats)
• eggs release from granulomas which end up in feces or vomit

Spirocerca lupi

30μm x 12 μm

contain a larva

one celled parasites
includes: isospora (coccidia)

giardia

cryptosproridium

toxoplasma

tritrichomonas

Isospora "coccidia"

oval shaped

10 to 32 μm long

Isospora "coccidia" 2 celled stage

oval shaped

10 to 32 μm long

infects cats small intestine

ZOONOTIC

dangerous to pregnant woman

not common

invades small intestine of dogs and cats

more common in calves

found in standing water

ZOONOTIC

Giardia trophozoite

5-15 μm x 9-21 μm

pear shaped

8 flagella

2 nuclei that look like "eyes"

mobile

Giardia cyst

8-10 μm

no flagella

oval

4 nuclei

Tritrichomonas foetus lives in

unknown, possibly fecal-oral or from mom to kitten

seen in catteries so more common in pure bred cats

Tritrichomonas foetus

6μm x 16μm

3 anterior flagella and one posterior

motile and fast moving

tapeworms

ribbon like worms

segments farthest from the head

no actively reproducing but have a uterus filled with eggpackets

• gravid proglottids break off and pss out hosts anus
• proglottids rupture releasing hexacanth embryo
• hexacanth ingested by flea
• hexacanth develops into cysticercoid in adult flea
• animal ingests adult flea
• cysticercoid develps into adult tapeworm in small intestine

most common tapeworm in cats and dogs

weightloss

difficulty gaining weight

Client usually sees tapworm segments before any clinical signs

Phylum platyhelminthes

the flukes

complex

may have one or two intermediate hosts

usually involves aquatic animal

Nanophyetus salmincola

(fluke)

adults release eggs into feces

intermediate host ingest acanthor

definitive host ingest intermediate host

develop into adult in definitive hosts intestine

acanthocephala egg

spindle shaped with 3 layers to shell